2010.09,Professional English of Project Management,Chapter2 Organizing For Project Management,2.1 Concept of Project 2.1.1 Definition of Project “Project” is widely used in various aspects of our social life, which usually represents a certain kind of things. a building, a factory a conference, a part R&D of a software,Chapter2 Organizing for Project Management,1964 Martino Project Management and Control A Project is any task which has a definable beginning and a definable end and requires the expenditure of one or more resources in each of the separate but interrelated and independent activities which must be completed to achieve the objectives for which the task instituted. 项目为一个具有规定开始和结束时间的任务，它需要使用一种或多种资源，具有许多个为完成该任务（或者项目）所必须完成的互相独立、互相联系、互相依赖的活动。,Chapter2 Organizing for Project Management,A project, by definition, is a temporary activity with a starting date, specific goals and conditions, defined responsibilities, a budget, a planning, a fixed end date and multiple parties involved.,Chapter2 Organizing for Project Management,2.1.2 Basic Characteristic of Project Unique and one-off task Clear and achievable objectives a series of activities project management (process) specific constraints (time, resources, environment),Chapter2 Organizing for Project Management,2.2 Construction Project the most common and important project type characteristic of construction project: 1. The objective of construction is construction technique system which could meet specific requirements. 2. Specific target 3. Constraints 4. Specific organization and laws 5. Complexity and Uncertainty(large investment、scale、large numbers of parties、 technique).,Chapter2 Organizing For Project Management,2.3 Project management 2.3.1 Function of project management plan organize direct control 2.3.2 Definition of project management,Chapter2 Organizing For Project Management,Project management is the art of directing and coordinating human and material resources throughout the life of a project by using modern management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of scope, cost, time, quality and participation satisfaction.,Chapter2 Organizing for Project Management,Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements. Project management is accomplished through the application and integration of the project management processes of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing.,Chapter2 Organizing for Project Management,When asked to define their jobs, project managers typically answer: “My job is to get the job done! ON time, within budget, according to specifications.”,Chapter2 Organizing for Project Management,2.3.3 Characteristic of project management 1. Importance and Uncertainty of Project Plan unique and one-off-no experience large investment、 long period、 a lot of factors-uncertainty,Chapter2 Organizing for Project Management,2.3.3 Characteristic of project management 2. Critic of Organization and Coordination heavy workload、many participants-difficulty in contract management close relation with many departments including governments、banks and so on,Chapter2 Organizing for Project Management,2.4 PMBOK Nowadays, there are two research systems in the field of project management, that is American Project Management and International Project Management. Correspondingly, there are two professional organizations: Project Management Institute (PMI) and International Project Management Association (IPMA).,Chapter2 Organizing for Project Management,2.4 PMBOK The Project Management Institute (PMI) was established in 1969 when Georgia Tech University invited PMIs five founders to co-sponsor a seminar in Advanced Project Management Concepts. The proposal to initiate a permanent organization and offer membership was well received, and thus, PMI became a reality. It plays an important role in the promotion of knowledge and practice of project management. Main members of PMI are those experts from enterprises、 university、 research institutes.,Chapter2 Organizing for Project Management,2.4 PMBOK outstanding contribution (PMI Project Management Institute) The project management was divided into five steps: 1. Project Initiation 2. Project Planning 3. Project Implementation 4. Project Control 5. Project Closing,Chapter2 Organizing for Project Management,2. Project Scope Management to ensure that all the work required ( and only the required work) is included. 3. Project Time Management to provide an effective project schedule. 4. Project Cost Management to identify needed resources and maintain budget control.,Chapter2 Organizing for Project Management,2.4 PMBOK outstanding contribution (PMI Project Management Institute) The Project Management Institute focuses on nine distinct areas requiring project manger knowledge and attention: 1. Project Integration Management to ensure that the various project elements are effec