The world of our senses,Noun Clause,Grammar and usage,一.相关概念,1.名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。 2.名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语、宾 语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语、状语。 3.名词性从句： 在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主 语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当， 这个句子就叫名词性从句。 4.名词性从句的种类： 根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分， 名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表 语从句和同位语从句。,名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句 subject clause,宾语从句 object clause,表语从句 predicative clause,同位语从句 appositive clause,1.When we will start is not clear. 2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief. 3. My idea is that we should do it right now. 4.I had no idea that you were her friend.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,名词性从句的种类,1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分,1). That he will succeed is certain . 2) Whether he will go there is not known . 3) What he said is not true . 4) Where he hid the money is to be found out . 5) Whoever comes is welcome. 6) Its certain that he will succeed .,7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.,8)When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.,It 的用法： （形式主语） It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 It said/ reported that据说/据报道 Its been announced/declared that已经通知/宣布 It seems/appears/happens that显然、明显、 碰巧 Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知） / a common saying.（俗话说）,1).whether可以引导主语从句,但if不能.,2).为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经 常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后 面作真正的主语.,注意点,2.用if 或whether 填空,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.,whether/if,whether,whether,4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you. 归纳:,a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从 句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用if ； b.后面紧跟 or not 时, 用whether,whether,whether,If,It is well known /reported / thought/said that It is clear/ necessary/ certain/ true/doubtfulthat It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that It doesnt matter whether It seems that It happens that,2. 宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语） 连词：that, whether，if （ that 常可省略） who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when where why how 1). They know that the habit will kill them. 2).It all depends on whether they will support us . 3) He asked how much I paid for the violin. 4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job . 5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.,1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 a当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. eg: I dont know whether I will stay or not. b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,注意,2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that 从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略. eg: We must make it clear that we mean what we say. b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导 的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略. eg: He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.,3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引导 表语从句) 连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because,The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry . Thats why I was late .,另外，在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,填空:1.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied 2.The reason _ he gave for his absent is _ he was ill.,reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用why 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。 一般情况下，“that”不能省。 It is /was because . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that. 4 The reason is because /why,that .,4 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.,同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether,1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people . 2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them .,3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.,_,The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.,4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.,5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view.,_,Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.,_,There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,_,_,The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,引导名词从句的关联词。,分析下列宾语从句中的