定语从句,Attributive Clause,三大从句： e.g. Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. e.g. That they are good at English is known to us all. e.g. Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted. 1)定语从句：在句中修饰名词，代词或者句子，充当定语成分。 2)名词性从句：包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语成分。 3)状语从句：主要包括时间、地点、条件、目的、原因、结果、让步、方式和比较状语从句,在句中充当状语。,定语从句 () 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2、位置：定语从句通常置于被修饰词之后 e.g. Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as 关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。 (*没有what),5、确定关系词的步骤 （1）先找先行词，再找关系词。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 e.g. This is the place where I work.,6.先行词和关系词的关系 先行词和关系词是等量关系 He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one为先行词） He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students为先行词） There are many places that we can visit them in China. 先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。,7.关系词在从句中省略的情况: 关系词作宾语，前无介词时。 关系词作表语。,8.分类: 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句 1.I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you out. 2.The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far away village.,定语从句() 1. 在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which e.g. This is the best that has been used against pollution. Love is the last possession that I want to give up. This was the only thing that he could remember. We havent got anything that we can offer you. He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus. Which is the bike that you lost? The school is no longer the one that it was.,（1）先行词被形容词最高级 序数词 数词或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。 （2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。 （3）先行词中既有人又有物时。 （4）当主句中含有疑问词which时。 （5）先行词在主句做表语时,2.宜用which而不用that的情况 e.g. Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city. This is the hotel in which you will stay. （1）在非限制性定语从句中 （2）在关系词前有介词时 （3）当先行词本身是that时,3.关系词who与that指人时，不同情况分别用不同的关系词 （1）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。 e.g. Who is that girl that is standing by the window? （2）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。但在介词之后只能用whom,4.whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语of which 。 whose+名词 the 名词of which/of which the 名词 e.g. Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ? There is a room, whose window faces the river. =There is a room, the window of which faces the river.,5.关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。 常用于句型： the same as ;suchas ;as many/much as e.g. Such books as you bought are useful. The wallet is just the same as I lost the other day.(两件) 注意区别: such that 引导的结果状语从句。 e.g. They are such lovely children that we love them much. the same that 引导的定语从句。 e.g. I want to use the same tool that you used just now. (同一件),（2）定语从句用as和which引导的区别： 同:均可用于引导非限制性定语从句； 均可以修饰整个主句 异:意义上：as 含有“这点正如一样”。 位置上：as 从句位置灵活 ，可置句首，也可在另处。 e.g. He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected. There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out. As is known, the earth is round, not flat.,6. 关系副词when与where、why、that when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which where指地点 = in / at / from / which why指原因 = for which *why不能引导非限制性定语从句，只能用for which 当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合） e.g. I dont like the way that / in which /（0） he talks.,定语从句() 1.关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。 关系词前介词的选择 Step 1:看定语从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(动词的固定搭配) Step 2:将先行词带入从句，看选择哪个介词 Step 3:可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断，将先行词带入从句中,1.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang River is the longest. A.which B. in which C.among which D. one of which 2.This is the very knife_I used to cut apples yesterday. A.that B.by which C.which D.with which,介词填空： 3.The speed_which you drive your car mustnt too high. 4.In the park there are many flowers, the colour_ which is bright and nice. 5.The little girl is reading a book,_which there are many pictures. 6.What were the things_which he was not too sure? 7.They held a meeting,_which the hospital director made a speech. 8.The book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.,at,about,at,in,for,of,2.特例！ 极少数定语从句中出现了介词+where 1.China is the birthplace of kites, _ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. from that B. from here C. from there D. from where 2.They stood at the window, _ they could see_ was happening in the street. A. where; all B. which; all C. from where; what D. from which; that,3. 注意定语从句与其它从句的结构上的细微差别,能够正确区分使用它们. A: 注意区别定语从句与强调句。 e.g. It is the museum that / which we visited last year. It was in the hotel that we stayed last night. 定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。 强调句it无意义，that / who不是引导词。,B: 定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 e.g. Word came that their army was defeated. We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their. 定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。 同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。,C: （1）There are two boys in Peters，both of whom are white （2）There are two boys in Peters，and both of them are white 析：句（1）是含有定语从句的复合句。 句（2）因为有并列连词and所以是并列句。,D: （1）This kind of plant grows best at the places whe