,例 If you have a job, _yourself to it and finally youll succeed. A. do devote B. dont devote C. devoting D. not devoting,解析考查谓语动词的强调及“祈使句+and+将来时句子”的固定搭配。句意为：“如果你有了一份工作，付出努力去做它，最后你定能成功。”,A,第15讲 特殊句式,例 John opened the door. There _ he had never seen before. A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl,解析考查特殊句式。here, there, thus, then等副词位于句首，且当句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装。,D,例 Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him. A. did he begin B. had he begun C. he began D. he had begun,解析not until放在句首要用部分倒装， 可还原为正常语序：He didnt begin to know how important the family was for him until he left his home.,A,例 John plays basketball well, _his favorite sport is badminton. A. so B. or C. yet D. for,解析表示轻微转折，yet 意为：可是，然而；可与though/ although 连用。句。,C,例 Its the first time that he has been to Australia, _？ A. isnt he B. hasnt he C. isnt it D. hasnt it,解析在主从复合句中，反意疑问句部分以主句为准。,C,这种句型中，祈使句通常表示一种条件，祈使句和陈述句之间的连词常常是命题的热点。其连词分两类。 1. and, then, and then 意思是“就，那么，才”，表示按照祈使句说的去做，会产生顺应的结果。 2. or, or else, otherwise 意思是“否则，要不，不然的话”，表示不按照祈使句说的去做，则会产生相反的结果。,“祈使句+陈述句 ”句型,Come early, and youll catch the first bus. If you come early, youll catch the first bus. Coming early, youll catch the first bus. Come early, or you wont catch the first bus.,“祈使句+陈述句 ”句型,and 表示顺承；while表示对比；but/yet表示转折；for/so表示因果；or/eitheror 表示选择。 例：Id better take an umbrella, for it is going to rain.,并列连词,1反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un， im， in， dis等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。 例：Your father is unhappy, isnt he？(不能用is he？) 2. “否定陈述句+简略肯定问句”这种反义疑问句，在进行回答时，一定要注意答语前后要一致，尤其注意汉语的翻译。,反意疑问句,例： He didnt come to the party last night, did he? Yes, he did. (不，他来参加晚会了。相当于 Yes, he came to the party last night. ) No, he didnt. (是，他没有来参加晚会。相当于No, he didnt come to the party last night.),反意疑问句,3. 陈述部分用must (may, might) + have + Ved表示推测时，若句中带有明显的过去时间状语，问句部分动词用过去时形式。陈述部分用must (may, might) + have + Ved表示推测时，若句中没有过去时间状语，问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。 He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didnt he? (不用mightnt he？/ hasnt he？) You must have worked there a year ago, didnt you？(不用mustnt you？/havent you？),反意疑问句,省略句,1在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。 When (water is) pure, water is a colorless liquid. Errors, if (there are) any, should be corrected. 2代替性省略：“so”可代替某些动词后的宾语从句，但绝不能用it或that。这些常用的动词有believe , be afraid , expect , hope , imagine , suppose,省略句,Im sure等；not代替的是否定意义的宾语从句。但是Im afraid, I hope, Im sure 后跟否定的宾语从句时，只有一种形式，即Im afraid not, I hope not, Im sure not. 而I expect/ imagine/ suppose/think 的否定式有两种，即I expect / imagine/ suppose/think not 或I dont imagine/ suppose/think so. Can Emily do this work? I think so. I think not (I dont think so.),倒装句,1完全倒装 将谓语动词直接提到主语前。常见情况有： (1)表方位的副词here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off等标志词放在句首； (2)地点状语+谓语+主语；此时，地点状语为标志词； (3)There be / lie / exist / stand / live / appear / remain+主语+(there be 句型)； (4)表语+系动词+主语。,倒装句,2部分倒装 将情态动词、助动词、be动词提到主语前。通常可以还原为正常的语序，并以此检验倒装句是否正确。助动词的选择也是考查的内容之一，通过还原才能确定最佳的时态，以此来确定正确的助动词。 常见情况有： (1) only+状语(或状语从句)为标志词放在句首时； (2) 含有否定意义的副词为标志词放在句首时；,倒装句,(3) 结果状语从句把“so+形容词/副词”放在句首或者“such+形容词+名词”放在句首， 则主句的谓语动词要部分倒装；that 从句不变； (4) so /neither/nor 为标志词放在句首时； 表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物。句式如下： so + be 或助动词或情态动词，主语。,倒装句,表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一人或物。 句式如下： neither (nor) + be 或助动词/情态动词，主语。 (5) 虚拟条件句省略if 时，将标志词had, should, were 放在句首。,倒装句,3其他形式的倒装 实际上主谓语序不变，但状语或表语提前到句首，实质上是句子的部分成分前置。具体表现为： (1) 标志词as: “尽管 /虽然”句式。 表语(形容词/名词)+ as/though + 主语+ 系动词，主句。 注意：名词前不加任何冠词。 副词+ as/though+主语+谓语动词，主句。 动词原形 +as/though + 主语+ might/may，主句。,倒装句,(2) No matter how/However + 形容词/副词+主语+ 谓语， 主句。 (3) how和what引起的感叹句。 How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语； What +形容词+名词+主语+谓语。, He is always ready to help others, seldom, _， refusing them when they turn to him. A. if never B. if ever C. if not D. if any,解析if ever表示“如果曾经发生过”， 意思为“如果有(这种行为)的话”； if any 表示“如果有(某样东西)的话”。,B, Interestingly in some parts of the world, women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. A. but B. though C. because D. while,解析while仅表示前后两个句子的对比转折。,D, Do you think Bob will attend the meeting this afternoon? _. A. I hope not B. I dont hope so C. I dont think it D. I hope he would,解析not 代替否定的整个宾语从句；I hope 不可能出现否定前置的情况，所以I dont hope so是错误的。,A, We all know that, _， the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. not if carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. if not carefully dealt with,解析考查状语从句的省略； if not carefully dealt with= if the situation is not carefully dealt with。,D, Only _ in the evening _ in the living room. A. when did his father come back; he stopped playing games B. when his father came back; he stopped playing games C. when did his father come back; did he stopped playing games D. when his father came back; did he stop playing games,D,解析on