Classroom Reading Material and Exercise (Extension)A. Meaning extended from the specific to the general1. Every life has its roses and thorns. 2. In the modern world salt has many uses beyond the dining-table.3. In many high schools in the United States teachers have become candidates for the impulse shooting by their students with guns. 4. The United States is often depicted as a nation that has been devouring the worlds resources.5. For generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy sources used to transport men from place to place. B. Meaning narrowed down from the abstract to the specific1. High voltage current is usually carried by overhead wire system so as to prevent living things from being electrocuted2. Whats known is that weight extremes in either direction are unhealthy.3. The pupil of the eye responds to the change of the light intensity.C. Logical and Pragmatic Extension1. Poison to a snake is merely a luxury; it enables it to get its food with very little effort, no more effort than one bite.2. Vietnam War was his entre to the new administration, his third incarnation as a foreign policy consultant.3. He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be a matter of life and death.4. He started to his feet with the intention of awaking the sleepers, for there was no time to lose. I. Try to put the following into Chinese, paying attention to the extended meanings with some of the words and phrases underlined in the sentences below:1. Electric power became the servant of man only after the motor was invented.2. We are at the dawn of the space age and, it seems, yesterdays fantasies will be tomorrows realities.3. Most comets are extremely faint objects, far below the limit of the unaided eye.4. In order to survive, to feed, clothes, and shelter himself and his children, man has to learn how to use things he finds in nature, and this means that he has to study and learn about nature.5. Examine the account well before you pay it.6. Brain drain has been Egypts Number One concernas a matter of fact it has become an epidemic in that area of the world.7. The Democratic Party is the party of the longest continuous existence.8. He is a valuable acquisition to the team.9. Whether such a fine literary effort made by a woman writer exists, I cannot say; if it does exist, it is unknown to me.10. A few of the committee urged hanging the man as a possible example.II. Try to translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to the logical or pragmatic extension of the meanings of the italicized words.1. The avalanche unleashed by the film provided the best opportunity in a long time for the racial healing to begin.2. The emergence of the peoples of the third world and their struggle for identity will lead to the flowering.3. As I walked along the corridor in a beach dressing-gown on my way to the swimming-pool, he looked up angrily at the intrusion.4. The new father wore a proud smile.5. He started to his feet with the intention of awaking the sleepers, for there was no time to lose.6. Cleverer heads than mine might have seen his drift.7. But I suspected that if I tried to release the wolf, she would turn aggressive and try to tear me to pieces. 8. Words once reserved for restroom walls are now common stuff in films, plays, books and even on television. III. Try to put the following passages into Chinese:1. Watching George McGovern hop on the presidential merry-go-round again makes you wonder what makes them run. After all, George didnt have a very merry ride last timebut the older they get, the harder they try. There is something admirable about it, but also something very sad. Heres even Harold Stassen, the Young Lochinvar of the 1944 campaign, crying for his lost chances and still reaching for the brass ring 40 years later. One explanation is that presidential ambition is an addiction as powerful as sex or booze. Once they have gone through all those howling halls, with their banners and adoring supporterstheir pictures on the front page and on the evening TV newsthey dream about it in the night. Memory, as time goes on, is a selective thing. Somehow they forget all the agonythe demeaning scramble for money, the vicious charges of their opponents, the unfeeling and frivolous criticism of the press and the endless plane and bus rides and the stumbling into bed and wondering how they can get through it all again the next day. What they remember is not the final thump of defeat, but the might-have-beens, the fleeting glory and accidents of politics. After all, if Jimmy Carter could make it from Plains, Georgia, to the White House, who knows where lightning might strike? Even Mr. Lincoln was mocked as a country yokel at the beginning