Emotional Intelligence,Daniel Goleman Questioned why smart people are not always as successful as might be expected Created theory of Emotional Intelligence the ability to perceive, understand, and use emotions consists of 4 factors involved in school and/or job success,Emotional Intelligence: Components,Intelligence and Creativity,Creativity is the ability to produce ideas that are both novel and valuable. It correlates somewhat with intelligence.,Expertise: A well-developed knowledge base. Imaginative Thinking: The ability to see things in novel ways. Adventuresome Personality: A personality that seeks new experiences rather than following the pack. Intrinsic Motivation: A motivation to be creative from within. A Creative Environment: A creative and supportive environment allows creativity to bloom.,Is Intelligence Neurologically Measurable?,Recent Studies indicate some correlation (about +.40) between brain size and intelligence. As brain size decreases with age, scores on verbal intelligence tests also decrease.,Gray matter concentration in people with high intelligence.,Assessing Intelligence,intelligence testing: a method for assessing an individuals mental aptitudes and comparing them with others using numerical scores Began in France in early 1900s as a way to identify children who needed special education Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon created a test to determine a childs mental age: the age that corresponds to their academic performace,1916 Binets test was brought to US and revised by Louise Terman from Stanford University = Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SBIS) Todays version of the test (created by William Stern) computes a persons IQ using mental age and actual age,Modern Intelligence Tests,Aptitude tests are intended to predict your ability to learn a new skill Ex: the ACT achievement tests are intended to reflect what you have already learned Ex: your psychology unit exams Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS): the most widely used test today, measures overall intelligence and 11 other aspects related to intelligence that are designed to assess clinical and educational problems. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), an intelligence test for preschoolers.,Principles of Test Construction,For a psychological test to be acceptable it must fulfill the following three criteria:,Standardization Reliability Validity,Intelligence Tests MUST BE: Standardized defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group Reliable - consistency (must yield similar results on different testing occasions) Valid - the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure,Aptitude predict ability to learn Achievement reflect on whats been learned,Standardization,Standardizing a test involves administering the test to a representative sample of future test takers in order to establish a basis for meaningful comparison.,Normal Curve,Standardized tests establish a normal distribution of scores on a tested population in a bell-shaped pattern called the normal curve.,Reliability,A test is reliable when it yields consistent results. To establish reliability researchers establish different procedures:,Split-half Reliability: Dividing the test into two equal halves and assessing how consistent the scores are. Reliability using different tests: Using different forms of the test to measure consistency between them. Test-Retest Reliability: Using the same test on two occasions to measure consistency.,Validity,Reliability of a test does not ensure validity. Validity of a test refers to what the test is supposed to measure or predict.,Content Validity: Refers to the extent a test measures a particular behavior or trait. Predictive Validity: Refers to the function of a test in predicting a particular behavior or trait.,