7A版优质实用文档历年考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(1-10)汇总Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKoreasLGElectronicsinJuly。)Foreign-madecarsandteGtilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarketAmericasmachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobetheneGtcasualty。Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmericasindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas。Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanagh,eGecutivedeanofHarvardsKennedySchoolofGovernment,“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates。”11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarbecause_。AithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoalBitsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbeforeCthewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitorsDtheunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican_。ATVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarketBsemiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprisesCmachine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactionsDautoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?AItishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride。BIntensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress。CTherevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation。DAlonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment。14.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe_。AturningofthebusinesscycleBrestructuringofindustryCimprovedbusinessmanagementDsuccessineducation名师解析11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarbecause_。美国在二战后取得优势地位是因为_。Aithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal。它为该目标付出了艰巨的努力。Bitsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore。它的国内市场比以前大八倍。Cthewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors。战争摧毁了大多数潜在竞争对手的经济。Dtheunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy。它无与伦比的劳动力规模给了经济推动力。【答案】C【考点】事实细节题。【分析】第一段指出，“二战后，美国就进入了这样的一个辉煌的历史时期。它拥有比任何竞争者大八倍的市场，这使其工业经济规模前所未有。它的科学家是世上最优秀的，它的工人是技术最好的。美国及其民众的富庶是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧洲人和亚洲人连做梦也不敢想的”。因此利用排除法，确定答案是A。12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican_。上个世纪80年代美国优势地位的丧失可以从美国_事实中看出来。ATVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket电视工业已经退到国内市场Bsemiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises半导体产业已经被外国公司接管Cmachine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions机床业已经自取灭亡Dautoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket汽车工业已经丧失了部分国内市场【答案】D【考点】事实细节题。【分析】A选项错误，因为第二段中说“到1987年，美国只剩下Zenith这一家电视生产商。(现在这一家也没有了：Zenith于7月被韩国LG电器公司收购。)”说明它连国内市场也保不住了。B选项错误，文中第二段最后一句提到，“在一段时间内，半导体制造业似乎要成为下一个受害者”，可是事实上没有。C选项中谈到的机床业已经自取灭亡的说法错误，因为文中提到机床制造业“岌岌可危”(ontheropes)，但是还没有灭亡呢。D是合适的，因为第二段第六句提到，“进口车和纺织品横扫国内市场”。13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?从本文中可以推断出哪个选项?AItishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride。在自我怀疑和盲目骄傲之间摇摆是人的本性。BIntensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress。激烈的竞争会导致经济的发展。CTherevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation。经济的复苏依靠国际的合作。DAlonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment。一个长期成功的经历会为进一步的发展铺