Early settlement,Ice Age,Great Britain was joined to the European continent.,Men first came to Britain,Cave man,6,000-5,000 BC, landbridge severed,Early settlement,3,000 BC,Iberians (伊比利亚人) from the Mediterranean lands came.,Sailed right up to the west coast and around Scotland to Scandinavia. (some settled),Early settlement,750 BC,Gaels came (Scotland),Gaul came,Britons came (Welsh),They all belonged to Celtic tribes. The Britons were quite numerous. They developed knowledge of agriculture, began to trade with the continent, had their own civilization. Their society was kind of primitive communism.,Roman Occupation,55 & 54 BC,Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice.,Romans came to govern and trade, not to settle; they were too few in number to change the language and customs of the people. True slave society was introduce into England.,Real Roman Conquest. British defeated, a Roman province in name,Lowland Britons(settled agriculture life) accepted and appreciated the Roman way of life. Picts in Pennines (奔宁山脉) and Scots in highlands(nomadic life) revolted against Romans. Resistance in Wales were stamped out. Hadrians Wall(哈德良长城),The downfall of Roman empire in Britain, a leaderless and defenseless land, northern tribes began to come in,Veni, vidi, vici.,Anglo-Saxon Times (410-871), 450, 690,Danish Vikings invaded at the turn of the 8th century.,Christianity was introduced in late 6th century,Viking Invasion and Danish Rule,King Alfred,Peace treaty,Guthrum, Danish king,Ruling south England,Ruling north England,King Ethelred,King Sweyen,Master of England,Fled to Normandy,death,Welcomed back as lawful king,Edmund,Mysterious and sudden death,Ruler of England,Edward, the Confessor, became King of England in 1042,103, capable,Harold II, earl of Wessex, January,1066,Irritated somebody,Norman Conquest,1066,Sept, William landed on Sussex coast; Oct. battle of Hastings,Christmas, William the Conqueror, was crowned. Feudalism and a strong monarchy were established.,1. William II succeeded, but was shot dead accidentally in hunting in 1100. 2. Henry I rushed back and became the King. (one of the most powerful: united Normandy and England) 3. Henry II established the House of Plantagenet/Angevin(金雀花王朝) 4. Richard (lions heart): the 3rd Crusade 5. John (lackland): Great Charter in 1215.Edward I (longshanks),Hundred Years War (1337-1453),The decline of feudalism Black Death (1/3 population dead in Europe) Wat Tylers Rising in 1381 Joan of Arc 1455-1467, War of Roses between Lancaster(red) and York(white),The Middle Ages: 4th & 5th -15th century. Modern times: 17th English bourgeois revolution 16th : key transitional period,16th Century,Henry VIIIs Religious Reformation: Pope对国家的控制；church圈地；英国新教的兴起；新兴资产阶级的支持/6 wives; Catherine(皇后，无子,女儿Mary)离婚,遭拒break away from Roman church, Church of England (形式与教义没有改变，只是换了head)/Edward VI继续Bloody MaryElizabeth, Anglican Church(圣公教)-capitalismremnants of feudalism Elizabethan age: a. literature; b. adventure on the seaSpanish Armada(1588). English Renaissance: rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture; criticism of inhuman medieval ages. Cultural movement effecting politics. “the greatest progressive revolution that mankind had so far experienced, a time which called for giants and produced giantsgiants in power of thought, passion, and character, in universality and learning”(是一次人类从来没有经历过的最伟大的变革，是一个需要巨人而且产生巨人在思维能力、热情和性格方面，在多才多艺和学识渊博方面的巨人的时代.)Engels,17th Century: Bourgeois Revolution,James Stuarts: King of Scotland(VI) and England(I) in 1603.Divine Right of Kings Charles I: persecuting Puritansleave for Holland or America Civil War: Cavaliers vs. Roundheads /Cromwells New Model Army/1646 ended/ Jan 1649, beheaded The Commonwealth(共和政府), the protector：Diggers/invaded Ireland “The English Revolution shipwrecked on Ireland”Marx /1653, parliament dissolved, Commonwealthmillitary dictatorship Restoration and Glorious Revolution: 1660, Charles II. France (Louis XIV). James II(brother of Charles II, Catholic) succeeded, but opposed by Whig and Tory. 1688, Coup detat, William(III) and Mary(II) were welcomed back for a joint ruling.The Glorious Revolution. protestant only, no catholicthe House of Hanover (last step of Revolution, constitutional monarchy established)(conclusion of medieval feudalism, beginning of modern periodcapitalism),18th Century: Industrial Revolution,Biggest enemy: France. Battle of Waterloo, defeated Napoleon. Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776 French Revolution, 1789 An age of poems: Romanticism,19th Century: Victorianism,In the nineteenth century, Britain was the super power in the world, the Empire on which the sun never sets. Social progress Great social progresses were made in the 19th century, such as the anti-slavery movement, the modern police force, the famous Reform Bill which extended the franchise, etc. But the greatest progress was made in the field of communications, marked by the invention