Computers Are Your Future, 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 2,Computers Are Your Future,Spotlight 8 Emerging Technologies, 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 3,Tomorrows Hardware: Smaller, Faster, Cheaper, Connected,Nanotechnology: The art of manipulating materials on an atomic or molecular scale especially to build microscopic devices Biochip: Like a computer chip that processes biological instructions, 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 4,Moores Law & Metcalfes Law,Moores Law: Microprocessors and miniature circuitry will double in circuit density and, therefore, processing power every 18 to 24 months.,Metcalfes Law: The value of a computer network grows in proportion to the square of the number of people connected to it., 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 5,The Short Term, 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 6,Computers Everywhere,Automated Highway Systems (AHS): Information is passed between vehicles and highways to prevent collision. Digital Forensics: Computers are used to fight cybercrime and computer crime., 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 7,Computers Everywhere,Biological Feedback Devices: Translate eye movements, body movements, and brain waves into computer input Virtual Reality: Immersive 3D environments that are computer-generated, 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 8,Virtual Reality,Users can use helmets and sensor-equipped gloves to experience VR., 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 9,Virtual Reality,Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE): Projects stereoscopic images onto walls to create a virtual environment Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML): Language used to creates virtual environments online, 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 10,Computers Everywhere,Chemical Detectors: Computers are used to detect traces of explosives in airports. Tactile Displays: Haptics sense of touch Researchers are developing tactile displays that stimulate skin to generate a sensation of contact., 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 11,Artificial intelligence is the ability to endow computers with intelligence. It has only been partially successful due to the obstacles encountered. Programs cannot function intelligently outside the context for which they are designed.,Artificial Intelligence: Toward the Smart Machine?, 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 12,Defining Intelligence,There is no clear consensus on what intelligence really is. Intelligence involves some or all of the following abilities: Learn and retain the learned knowledge Reason on the basis of this knowledge Adapt to new circumstances Plan (develop strategies) Communicate Recognize patterns, 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 13,Defining Intelligence,Compared to the human brain, computers accept smaller amounts of input and have poorer pattern recognition skills, but they calculate and output faster than humans., 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 14,The Turing Test,British computer scientist Alan Turing suggested that a computer is intelligent if a group of unbiased judges cannot tell the difference between computer-generated and human output. Many believe the test is too simplistic. Programmers have created programs to trick the judges., 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 15,Neural Networks,Neural networks are computers that mimic the structure of the human brain. Computers composed of hundreds of thousands of tiny, interconnected processors, 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 16,Pattern Recognition,Computers using a digital camera and pattern recognition software can process what is being seen and then draws connections between the patterns perceived and the patterns stored in a database. This technology is used to recognize suspicious movement in buildings., 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 17,Intelligent Agents,Agents are automatic programs that help the user. The programs communicate with the user, understand their needs, and offer assistance. Microsofts Office Assistant is an example., 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 18,Machine Translation,Machine translation is using computers to translate foreign text automatically. Resolving ambiguities is problematic. One program can translate 300,000 words per hour, but results contain many errors., 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 19,Genetic Algorithms,Based on evolutionary theory, genetic algorithms involve creating artificial intelligence by developing laboratory conditions in which the most intelligent programs survive. Algorithms are placed in a computer environment and allowed to mutate; one algorithm emerges as the best at tackling the problem., 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 20,Strong Artificial Intelligence,Area of research based on the conviction that computers will achieve artificial intelligence equal to that of humans,CYCto create a computer that knows as much as a 12 year old COGinsect-like humanoid robot Kismetsociable humanoid robot that can learn and interact with humans, 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Slide 21,Robots,A robot is a computer-based device programmed to perform moti