现在完成时与反义疑问句,现在完成时 用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成： 主语 + have (has) +v.过去分词 + 其他. 主语 + havent / hasnt + v. 过去分词+其他. -Have / Has +主语 + v. 过去分词 + 其他？ -Yes, 主语+ have/ has. No, 主语 + havent/ hasnt.,现在完成时的句型？,用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It is the third time that the boy has been late. 2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。,现在完成时 1.表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 Have you read that story? 你读过那个故事吗？ （读这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响为： 是否知道故事中的内容） I have bought two apples. 我买了两个苹果。 （买这一动作发生在过去对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个 苹果） 在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时态连 用的几个副词： already，just多用于肯定句中， yet，ever，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。 如： I have already finished my homework. 我已经做完家庭作业。,1. He has just had supper. 他刚吃过晚饭。 2. Have you ever sung this English song? 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ 3.They havent done the homework yet. 他们还没有做作业。 4. We have never seen a film. 我们从来没有看过电影。 5. He has died. 他死了。,2.表示过去开始的动作持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去； 常和表示从过去某一时刻起延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间状语连用。如： They have lived here for ten years .他们住在这儿有十年了。 She has taught in this school since three years ago. 她从三年前开始就在这个学校教书。 We have known each other since we were very young. 我们从很小的时候就彼此认识。 注意：用于这种用法中的动词必须是表示连续的动作或状态的词， 如：live、work、teach、study、stay、wait、know、be、have、learn、wear、walk、sleep等，这类动词叫做“延续性动词”。 英语中还有另一种动词，如：buy、join、become、begin、fall、 come、go、hear、die、close、open、leave、borrow、等， 它们只表示短暂的动作，不能表示一个延续的状态，这类动词 叫做“瞬间性动词”，它们可以用于现在完成时， 但是不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。,短暂性动词变延续性动词： join - 2) come - 3) borrow - 4) buy - 5) arrive - 6) leave - 7) begin - 8) open - 9) close - 10) die -,be in / a,be in / at,keep,have,be,be away (from),be on,be open,be closed,be dead,_ adj.,_ adj.,这只狗死了。 这只狗昨天死了。 这只狗一天前死了。 这只狗死了一天。,The dog has died. The dog died yesterday. The dog died a day ago. The dog has been dead for a day.,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,戏剧开始了。 戏剧半小时前开始了。 戏剧开始半个小时了。 我买了一台电脑。 自从我来到这里就买了一台电脑。,The play has begun. The play began half an hour ago. The play has been on for half an hour.,I have bought a computer. I have had a computer since I came here.,典型例题 (1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。 (2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。,1. I _ the way. I _ here for quite many years. A. knewhave lived B. knewlive C. knowhave lived D. knowlive 2. _ you ever _ America ? Yes, I have. A. Havegone to B. Havegone in C. Havebeen to D. Have been in 3. My brother _college for over three years. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been at 4. He _ the Army by the end of 1989. He _ in the army since then. A. joinedis B. has joinedhas been C. had joinedis D. had joined has been 5. _ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago. A. Didcopydid B. Havecopiedhave C. Havecopieddid D. Did copyhad,C,C,C,D,C,5. “Why _ she _ angry ?” “Because he _ at her just now .” A. didgetshouted B. hasgotshouted C. didgethas shouted 6. _you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ? A. Have seendidsee B. Did seehaveseen C. Haveseenhaveseen 7. You _ me waiting for two hours. I _ for you since five. A. keptwaited B. have keptwaited C. kepthave waited D. have kepthave waited Where _ John _ ? To the library. He _ there for an hour. A. hasbeenhas gone B. hasgonehas been C. didgowent D. didbewent,A,A,D,B,A. 用 already 或 yet Have they taken down the old pictures _? No, not _. 2) Most of us have finished our compositions _. 3) He hasnt visited the museum_. B.用 since或 for 1) We have learned five lessons _ the beginning of this term. 2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital _ last week. 3) I have stayed at my aunts _ two weeks. I have been here _ 1999. They have kept the books _ one day. It has been cold _ two weeks ago. We have learnt a lot _ we came here.,yet,yet,already,yet,since,since,for,since,for,since,since,C. 用have gone或 have been Where are the boy students ? They _ to the school factory. Is your father in ? No, he _ to Shenzhen. _he ever _ there before ? Yes, he _ there several times 3) He asked me if I _ to Hangzhou before. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ never _ to that city before. 4) My brother _the Gre