1civilisation n. 1)开化；教化 The civilisation of mankind has taken thousands of years. 人类经历数千年才文明开化。 2)(一民族、国家或时期的)文化和生活方式 the civilisations of ancient Egypt and Babylon 古埃及和巴比伦文化,3)文明的环境；文明社会；文明世界 live far from civilisation 在远离文明的地方生活 Its good to get back to civilisation after living in a tent for two weeks! 在帐篷里过了两个星期后，又回到文明社会可真舒服！,即学即用 完成句子 这是一篇关于现代美国文明的论文。 This is a paper about _ _ _. 答案：modern American civilisation,2achievement n. 1)成绩；成就 Winning three gold medals is a remarkable achievement. 赢得3枚金牌是了不起的成绩。 Im very proud of my achievements as program director. 作为节目导演，我为自己取得的成就感到非常自豪。,2)实现；完成；达到 We need to raise the level of academic achievement in public schools. 我们需要提高公立学校的学业成绩。 Teaching gave me a wonderful sense of achievement. 教学给了我一种美妙的成就感。,知识拓展 achieve vt. 1)完成；实现 You can achieve your ambition if you work hard. 你如果努力，一定会如愿以偿的。 Weve achieved great victories. 我们取得了伟大的胜利。 2)达到；获得 He hopes to achieve all his aims soon. 他希望尽快达到所有目标。,Whatever success he had achieved was obtained through experimentation. 他无论取得什么成绩都是通过实验得来的。,词语辨析 achieve, reach, gain 1)achieve强调由于极大努力，克服困难后达到既定目标，还意味着通过预定的程序制订出一套办法而获得成功，也常与一些抽象名词连用。 The company has achieved all its goals this year. 这个公司今年已经实现了所有的奋斗目标。 2)reach指到达某地，达到某目的、某种程度， 而不涉及为此所花费的努力。 The two sides were unable to reach an agreement. 双方未能取得一致意见。,The heat of summer has reached its climax. 已经是夏天最热的天气了。 3)gain作“获得”解，指获得某种利益、好处或经验。 He quickly gained experience. 他很快就有经验了。,即学即用 Lucy has_all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university. Aacquired Bfinished Cconcluded Dachieved 答案：D,1up to 1)轮到；取决于；常用于固定句型“ It is / was up to sb. to do sth. ” 。 It was up to me to get the four of us moving. 该由我来使我们这四个人行动起来。 2)直到；多达；后接表示数量、程度、时间、地点等的名词。 I dont know the fact up to now. 一直到现在，我还不知道事实。,3)适于；胜任；通常用于疑问句或否定句中。to 的后面可接名词、代词、动名词。 I dont feel up to a long walk. 我今天不适于长时间的散步。 4)up to 意为“接近”；指接近讲话人、目的地等。 The old man walked up to me and asked me what was happening there. 那位老者走近我，问我那里正发生什么事。 5)up to 意为“向上方；向上游；向内陆；向北方”；指从边远地区、农村、南方、下游等被看作下方的地方到首都、城市、北方、上游等地方。,Mr. Smith went up to London and began his business. 史密斯先生(由乡下)来到伦敦，开始做他的生意。 6)忙于；从事于 What on earth are you up to recently? 你最近到底在忙些什么？ 7)up to 计划着；密谋(坏事) What tricks has she been up to? 她一直在玩什么把戏？ 8)up to 匹配；比得上 This new book of Greens isnt up to his last one. Green出的这本新书不及他写的前一本书。,高考链接 Shall we go to the art exhibition right away? _ . AIts your opinion BI don t mind CIts all up to you DThats your decision 解析：分析语境可知， Its up to you.意为“随你的便或由你而定。” 答案：C,即学即用 What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game. _. Whatever you want to do is fine with me. AIt just depends BIts up to you CAll right DGlad to hear that 答案：B,2as well as可以是比较结构，也可以作并列连词。其用法如下： 1)as well as可连接一个比较状语从句，意为“与一样好”。 She doesnt work as/so well as you(do) 她工作不如你好。 2)as well as作并列连词，意思为“不仅而且；既又”。使用时要注意： (1)as well as与not only.but also.不同。A as well as B的意思是“不但B，而且A”，其重点在前者，而不在后者；而not only A but also B则强调后者，可译为“不但A，而且B”。,Their decision will affect the whole school as well as our class.(Their decision will affect not only our class but also the whole school.) 他们的决定将不仅影响到我们班，而且影响到整个学校。 (2)as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应与前面那个名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。 The boy as well as you is interested in computer games. 这男孩和你一样对电脑游戏感兴趣。,(3)连接两个动词不定式时，如果第一个带to，第二个就可省略to。 We expect her to do a little research work as well as make a lot of experiments. 我们不仅希望她做许多实验，而且还指望她搞点研究工作。 (4)as well as用在肯定句与否定句中有不同的含义。试比较： I, as well as you, shall go. 你要去，我也要去。,I shall not go as well as you. 你要去，但我将不去。 I, as well as you, shall not go. 你要不去，我也不去。,(5)as well as.not前后都否定，not.as well as只否定前面。 He, as well as his sister, has not yet joined the Party. 他和他姐姐一样都没入党。 He has not yet joined the Party as well as his sister. 他还没有像他姐姐那样已经入党了。 3)as well as还可作复合介词用，作“除了之外，还有”解，可用besides代替。 I have a few English books as well as this chemical book. 除了这本化学书外，我还有一些英语书。,4)as well as除接名词外，还可接动名词，这时应注意动名词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。 As well as eating a sevencourse meal, they drank seven bottles of wine. 他们除了吃七道菜外，还喝了七瓶酒。,即学即用 Helen as well as I_eager to see the performance. Aam Bis Care Dwere 答案：B,