The City Mouse and the Country Mouse Once there were two mice. They were friends. One mouse lived in the country; the other mouse lived in the city. After many years the Country mouse saw the City mouse; he said, “Do come and see me at my house in the country.“ So the City mouse went. The City mouse said, “This food is not good, and your house is not good. Why do you live in a hole in the field? You should come and live in the city. You would live in a nice house made of stone. You would have nice food to eat. You must come and see me at my house in the city.“ The Country mouse went to the house of the City mouse. It was a very good house. Nice food was set ready for them to eat. But just as they began to eat they heard a great noise. The City mouse cried, “ Run! Run! The cat is coming!“ They ran away quickly and hid. After some time they came out. When they came out, the Country mouse said, “I do not like living in the city. I like living in my hole in the field. For it is nicer to be poor and happy than to be rich and afraid.“,城里老鼠和乡下老鼠 从前，有两只老鼠，它们是好朋友。一只老鼠居住在乡村，另一只住在城里。很多年以后，乡下老鼠碰到城里老鼠，它说：“你一定要来我乡下的家看看。”于是，城里老鼠就去了。乡下老鼠领着它到了一块田地上它自己的家里。它把所有最精美食物都找出来给城里老鼠。城里老鼠说：“这东西不好吃，你的家也不好，你为什么住在田野的地洞里呢？你应该搬到城里去住，你能住上用石头造的漂亮房子，还会吃上美味佳肴，你应该到我城里的家看看。” 乡下老鼠就到城里老鼠的家去。房子十分漂亮，好吃的东西也为他们摆好了。可是正当他们要开始吃的时候，听见很大的一阵响声，城里的老鼠叫喊起来：“快跑！快跑！猫来了！”他们飞快地跑开躲藏起来。 过了一会儿，他们出来了。当他们出来时，乡下老鼠说：“我不喜欢住在城里，我喜欢住在田野我的洞里。因为这样虽然贫穷但是快乐自在，比起虽然富有却要过着提心吊胆的生活来说，要好些。”,长句的翻译技巧 Long Sentences in English-Chinese Translation,Two Stages including Seven Steps,Stage 1: Comprehension 理解 Stage 2: Presentation 表达,Stage 1: Comprehension,Step1：present the long sentence in a skeleton form 扼要拟出全句的轮廓 Step2: infer the main idea from the context and the whole text 根据上下文和全句的内容领会其要旨,Step 3: distinguish between the principle and subordinate clauses 辨清该长句的主从结构 Step 4: find out the interrelations between principle and subordinate clauses 找出各句之间的从属关系,Stage 2 Presentation,Step 5：enter on a tentative translation of each sentence division 将每个划开的单句逐一翻译 Step 6: rearrangement and synthesis 将译出的句子进行调整、组合 Step 7: finishing touches 对译文进行加工润色,Sample Analysis of Seven Steps Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource in exhaustible and available everywhere, coal which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost and lime which can be obtained from the calcination of limestone widely present in nature. 塑料是由水、煤和石灰制成的。水是取之不尽的到处可以获得的天然资源，煤是用自动化和机械化的方法开采的，成本较低； 石灰是由煅烧自然界中广泛存在的石灰石得来的。,Step1：present the long sentence in a skeleton form扼要拟出全句的轮廓 Plastics is made from water.coaland lime.,Step2: infer the main idea from the context and the whole text.根据上下文和全句的内容领会其要旨 Water is a natural resource in exhaustible and available everywhere. coal can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost. lime can be obtained from the calcination of limestone widely present in nature.,Step 3: distinguish between the principle and subordinate clauses辨清该长句的主从结构 主句：plastic is made from water, coal and lime. 从句： A. which is a natural resource in exhaustible and available everywhere. B. which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost. C. which can be obtained from the calcination of limestone widely present in nature.,Step 4: find out the interrelations between principle and subordinate clauses.找出各句之间的从属关系. which is a natural resource in exhaustible and available everywhere-water which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost-coal which can be obtained from the calcination of limestone widely present in nature-lime,Stage 5：enter on a tentative translation of each sentence division是将每个划开的单句逐一翻译 Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource in exhaustible and available everywhere.塑料是由取之不尽的到处可以获得的天然资源的水制成的。,Plastic is made from coal which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost. 塑料是自动化和机械化的方法开采的、且成本较低的煤制成的。,Plastic is made from lime which can be obtained from the calcination of limestone widely present in nature. 塑料是由是煅烧自然界中广泛存在的石灰石得来的石灰制成的。,Stage 6: rearrangement and synthesis. 将译出的句子进行调整、组合 塑料是由取之不尽的到处可以获得的天然资源的水制成的。 塑料是由自动化和机械化的方法开采的、且成本较低的煤制成的。 塑料是由是煅烧自然界中广泛存在的石灰石得来的石灰制成的。,Stage 7: finishing touches对译文进行加工润色。 塑料是由水、煤和石灰制成的。水是取之不尽的到处可以获得的天然资源，煤是用自动化和机械化的方法开采的，成本较低； 石灰是由煅烧自然界中广泛存在的石灰石得来的。,1) Statistician Dale Preston and his colleague John Cologne, both from the Radiation Effects Research Foundation in Hiroshima, examined how radiation affected the life expectancy of more than 120,000 people who survived the 1945 bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (38 words) 2) Supporters, which included Catholic and Mormon groups, republican leaders and some Hispanic organizations, took pains to avoid explicitly anti-gay rhetoric, saying instead that they were simply seeking to ensure the survival of the traditional family. (35 words) Horoshima:广岛；Nagasaki:长崎; Mormon: 摩门；Hispanic: 西班牙的,Exercise 1,Analyze the sentences with the previous 7 steps,1) skeleton fo