Grammar,Module 3,Grammar,Learning aims:,1.通过自主学习，掌握时间状语从句和过去完成时态的基本用法。 2.通过合作探究，学会把所学到的时间状语从句句型结构和过去完成时态 运用到句型写作中。 3. 巩固练习。,时间状语从句,when, while, as, before, after, until/till, since, ever since, whenever, as soon as, no sooner than, hardly / scarcely when 等,1). 常见的连接时间状语从句的连接词有:,When 还有意义为这时，(at this time)那时(at that time) 常用于下列句型： Somebody was doing something when 某人正在做 突然 ,When,Somebody was about to do something when. 某人正要做 突然 Somebody had just done something when 某人刚刚干了这时,1. I was reading English when my teacher came in. 2. I was about to talk in the classroom when the teacher came in. 3. I had just made the mistake when the teacher came in .,分析：while引导的从句表示“在过程中”，强调某一段时间内主句和从句的动作在同一时期发生。从句的动作表示较长时间，因此常用延续性动词。,While,观察： While they were doing homework, someone broke into the house. While he was still a teenager, he was a big star.,She is tall while I am short.,While 表示强烈的对比关系，可译成“然而”,While I was studying English, he was playing football.,强调两个动作同时进行,两种情况一起发展变化,as,试观察： 1) As they were picking tea, the girls were singing happily.,2) As he grew older, he found it difficult to compose good music.,分析： as引导的从句表示“当时；一边一边”，主句和从句的动作同时发生，强调伴随。有时可译为“随着”。,探究案（一） 时间状语从句,2.完成下面练习答案 15 ABBAA,1. 他从学校回来时，他妈妈正在烧饭。 2. 他在看书时，他的妻子一直在烧饭。 3. 他一边烧饭一边唱歌。 4. 我们正要动身，这时天突然下雨了。 5. 你喜欢踢足球而我喜欢弹钢琴。 6. 随着时间的推移，我们都渐渐长大了。,Exercise 3 Translate these sentences into English,Show time,Possible answers:,1. When he returned from the school, his mother was cooking. 2. While he was reading, his wife was cooking. 3. As he cooked, he sang. 4. We were about to start when it began to rain. 5. You like playing football while I like playing the piano. 6. As time went by, we all grew up.,2). 时间状语从句可以转换成分词短语。如: Boys need to develop their bodies fully before they attempt such difficult exercise. Boys need to develop their bodies fully before attempting such difficult exercise.,After he worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London. Note: 时间状语从句转换成分词短语时, 时 间状语从句的主语和主句主语必须 一致才可以。,Having worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London.,过去完成时,过去完成时的构成: “助动词had+过去分词” The public wondered why the president hadnt attended the top conference. 2. 过去完成时的用法: 1). 过去完成时主要用来表明在某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作, 它表示时间是“过去的过去”。如:,The patient had died when the doctor arrived. Up until then they had just finished half the work. He had pressed the button before we could stop him. When I had finished my everyday work, I did some gardening.,2). 如果发生的动作很短暂, 或两个动作紧接着发生, 则常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。尤其是在含有before, after, as soon as的复合句中, 因为它们本身的词义就可以表示出先后顺序。如: Just before I left New York, I sent an e-mail to Mr White, my teacher in the university.,3). 过去完成时还可以表示未能实现的希望、愿望等, 常用的动词有except, hope, mean, suppose, think 等。如: I had hoped to send him a telegram to congratulate him on his marriage, but didnt manage it. Mother had expected me to come to her birthday party, but I really had a lot of important work to do.,When he got home from work, he was very tired. He opened the door, turned on the light, washed his face and went to bed without taking off his clothes.,Note: 1. 当动作紧接着发生, 次序明显时, 只需 用一般过去时。,2.与某个时间段或时间点连用时, 一般过去时表示动作在这个时间发生, 而过去完成时表示动作在这个时间之前就已经完成。如: He learned Russian during his stay in Russia. He had already learned Russian during his stay in Russia.,3. 在间接引语中，与过去完成时连用的时间状语从句常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如： He told me somebody had phoned when I was out. John said the film had been on five minutes when he got to the cinema.,汉译英,1 他说他以前见过你。 2. 到去年为止他们已经学了2000个单词了。 3. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小 时了 . 4. 4. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间 了。 5. 到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。 6. 她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。 7. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。,Show time,1 He said that he _ (see) you before. 2 By last year they _ ( learn ) 2,000 words. 3 By six oclock they _(work) for eight hours. 4 When I came to GZ , he _ (be) there for a long time. 5 By the middle of last month we _(live) in Beijing for five years. 6 When she got home her children _ (sleep). 7 Before they arrived here the film _ already _ (start).,He said that he _ (see) you before.,had seen,By last year they _ ( learn ) 2,000 words.,had learnt,1. 他说他以前见过你。,2. 到去年为止他们已经学了2000个单词了。,3. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。 By six oclock they _(work) for eight hours. 4. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。 When I came to GZ , he _ (be) there for a long time.,had worked,had been,had lived,5. 到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。 By the middle of last month we _(live) in Beijing for five years. 6. 她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。 When she got home her children _ (sleep).,had slept,7. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。 Before they arrived here the film _ already _ (start).,had,started,1. I went to Toms house but he _ (go) out. 2. Annie told me that his father _ ( go ) to Paris and he _ ( come ) back in a few days. 3. My friend _ (buy) the car two years ago. He _ (buy) it for two years.,had gone,had gone,would come,bought,has had,What have we learnt? What to do after class to be better? The best groups and students.,Summary,教师寄语,Victory wont c