Unit 3 Understanding each other,Grammar and usage,Unreal conditionals,虚拟语气,Unreal conditionals state a condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary.,Unreal conditionals,虚拟语气,Unreal conditionals state a condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary.,虚拟语气用来陈述一个不真实或者 想象的情况。,Unreal conditionals,虚拟语气,We use unreal conditionals to state a present condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary.,We use unreal conditionals to state a present condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary.,我们用虚拟语气陈述现在不真实或想象 的情景。,If I got married in UK, I would expect a present.,We use unreal conditionals to state a present condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary.,我们用虚拟语气陈述现在不真实或想象 的情景。,If I got married in UK, I would expect a present. 2) I could reach the book if I were a bit taller.,We use unreal conditionals to state a present condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary.,我们用虚拟语气陈述现在不真实或想象 的情景。,If I got married in UK, I would expect a present. 2) I could reach the book if I were a bit taller. 3) If I had the chance, I might want to be a translator.,We use unreal conditionals to state a present condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary.,我们用虚拟语气陈述现在不真实或想象 的情景。,We form unreal present conditionals like this:,We form unreal present conditionals like this:,were ,主 would / could / might / should do ,did ,If 主,1. 假如现在我有更多的时间，我就 会学习德语。,1. 假如现在我有更多的时间，我就 会学习德语。 If I had more time now, I would study German.,1. 假如现在我有更多的时间，我就 会学习德语。 If I had more time now, I would study German. 2. 要是我像你一样年轻，我就会找 时间锻炼。,1. 假如现在我有更多的时间，我就 会学习德语。 If I had more time now, I would study German. 2. 要是我像你一样年轻，我就会找 时间锻炼。 If I were young as you, I would find time to exercise.,In written English or in formal situation, we usually use were in If-clauses in place of was. However, in everyday conversation, was is often used.,We also use unreal conditionals to refer to an imaginary past action.,We also use unreal conditionals to refer to an imaginary past action.,我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在过去 的动作。,1) If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about.,We also use unreal conditionals to refer to an imaginary past action.,我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在过去 的动作。,1) If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about. 2) If the man had pointed with his first finger while he was in Brunei, everyone would have thought that he was very rude.,We also use unreal conditionals to refer to an imaginary past action.,我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在过去 的动作。,We form unreal past conditionals like this:,If 主 had been / done, 主 would / could / might have done,1. 如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上 那趟火车。,1. 如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上 那趟火车。 If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.,1. 如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上 那趟火车。 If he had hurried, he could have caught the train. 2. 如果你昨天告诉他，他也许会提 些建议了。,1. 如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上 那趟火车。 If he had hurried, he could have caught the train. 2. 如果你昨天告诉他，他也许会提 些建议了。 If you had told him yesterday, he might have made some suggestions.,We use unreal future conditionals to talk about imaginary future situations.,We use unreal future conditionals to talk about imaginary future situations.,我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在将来 的情景。,1. If I had time tomorrow, I would certainly help you.,We use unreal future conditionals to talk about imaginary future situations.,我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在将来 的情景。,1. If I had time tomorrow, I would certainly help you. 2. If I were to fail my Maths test, I would have to take it again at the end of the term.,We use unreal future conditionals to talk about imaginary future situations.,我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在将来 的情景。,1. If I had time tomorrow, I would certainly help you. 2. If I were to fail my Maths test, I would have to take it again at the end of the term. 3. If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.,We use unreal future conditionals to talk about imaginary future situations.,我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在将来 的情景。,We form unreal future conditionals like this:,主would / should / might do,were , did , should do were to do,If 主,1. 假如我要出国，我就会去法国。,1. 假如我要出国，我就会去法国。 If I were to go abroad, I would go to France.,1. 假如我要出国，我就会去法国。 If I were to go abroad, I would go to France. 2. 万一明天下雨，我们的郊游就推 迟。,1. 假如我要出国，我就会去法国。 If I were to go abroad, I would go to France. 2. 万一明天下雨，我们的郊游就推 迟。 If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.,We can also put should, were and had at the beginning of an unreal conditional sentence. In this case, if is not needed any more.,We can also put should, were and had at the beginning of an unreal conditional sentence. In this case, if is not needed any more.,1. If you should make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed.,We can also put should, were and had at the beginning of an unreal conditional sentence. In this case, if is not needed any more.,1. If you should make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed., Should you make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed.,2. If you had told me earlier, I would not have this problem n