,Managing Safety and Health Risk - Objectives,To ensure that:,The hazards inherent in the operations have been systematically identified and assessed and are fully understood at the appropriate levels in the organisation,Arrangements are in place to control these hazards and to deal with the consequences should the need arise,The necessary information, training, auditing and improvement process are in place,HSE Risk - Definition,Risk = Consequence resulting from the release of a hazard x Probability of the occurrence of that event,Identify,Are people exposed to harm resulting from the companys operations?,Assess,What are the causes, consequences & effects? How likely is the loss of control? What is the risk & is it ALARP?,Control,Can the causes be eliminated? What controls are needed & can they be effective?,Recover,Can the potential consequences & effects be mitigated? What are the recovery measures required? Are the recovery capabilities suitable & sufficient?,Effects of Safety and Health Hazards,Step 1- Hazard,Identify all HAZARDS,HAZARD - Definition,Hazard is defined as:,Anything that has the potential to cause harm, ill health and injury, damage to property, products or the environment, production losses or increase liabilities,Hazard,At workplace categorized: Physical, Chemical, Biological & Physcosocial,Hazard - examples,Hydrocarbon under pressure Smoke Toxic material Volatile fluids in tanks,Chemical,Moving road tankers / vehicles Elevated objects Noise People working at heights High voltage,Physical,Hazard - examples,Toxicological lab (catering facility at distant work station),Biological,Working outside the country without family members.,Physcosocial,Step 2 - Top Event,List Top Events or Incidents which will result when hazards are released and relate them to the hazards identified,Top Event - definition,Top Event is defined as:,The incident which occurs as a result of the hazard being released,Top Event - examples,Loss of containment Electrical shock Fall from heights Exposure to toxic material Exposure to radioactive material Effluent discharge into waterways Emissions of toxic gases,Step 3 - Consequences,List consequences which result from hazard being released,Consequence - definition,Consequence is defined as:,An event or chain of events that results from the hazard being released,Consequences - examples,Serious injury Death Latent illness or disease which has long gestation period Property damage - own or public Environmental damage Loss of reputation leading to loss in current and prospective business Loss of revenue - paying for compensation, medical expenses, production loss or deferment,Step 4 - Hazard register,Compile a Hazards & Effects register listing Hazards, Top Event & Consequences,Hazard,Threats,Barriers,Top Event,Recovery Measures,Initial Risk,Final Risk,Risk Rating,Remedial Action Required,HAZARDS & EFFECTS REGISTER,Consequences,Step 5 -Risk ranking,Using the Risk Matrix & brainstorming techniques rank the hazards and consequences based on the probabilities of the Top Event occurring,RISK MATRIX,Ranking Risk Probability,Hazard,Threats,Barriers,Top Event,Recovery Measures,Initial Risk,Final Risk,Risk Rating,Remedial Action Required,HAZARDS & EFFECTS REGISTER,Consequences,Harm to people,Consequence - definition,Consequence - definition,Damage to Asset,Consequence - definition,Effect on the Environment,Consequence - definition,Impact on Reputation,Step 6 - Threats,For all hazards and consequences which have been ranked as HIGH risks, identify all threats or causes which can release the hazard to become a top event,Threat - definition,Threat is defined as:,A possible cause that will release the hazard to become a top event- includes thermal, biological, electrical, chemical, kinetic, climatic, radiation or human factors,Threat - examples,High temperature Corrosion Bacteria Overpressure Erosion High voltage Ultraviolet radiation Environmental conditions Human incompetence Design / process unknowns,Step 7 - Barriers,Determine Barriers for each threat,Barrier - definition,A Barrier is defined as :,A measure which is put in to prevent the release of a hazard or to prevent the occurrence of a top event once the hazard is released - barriers may be physical or non- physical,Barrier - examples,Guards or protective shields e.g. protective coatings, corrosion inhibitors, machine guards, fencing etc. Pressure / safety relief valves High temperature cut-off switches Correct / valid operating procedures Time delays in processes Lowering speeds of equipment Carrying maintenance when it is due Reducing congestion in operating areas,Step 8 - Recovery Measures,Determine the Recovery Measures to reduce the impact of the Consequences due to the occurrence of the Top Event,Recovery Measures,Recovery Measures - examples,Gas, fire & smoke alarms Emergency Shutdown systems Firewater deluge systems Fire and blast walls Emergency Re