分类号 S828 学校代码 10129 U D C 11.220 学 号 08201051羊鼻蝇蛆病病理学及鼻黏膜免疫学研究Research of Pathological and Immunology of Nasal mucosa on Oestrus ovis 申 请 人：杜长春 学科门类：农 学学科专业：基础兽医学研究方向：动物传染病与免疫病理学指导教师：王凤龙 教授论文提交日期：二一一年四月摘 要通过对山西黄土高原区域羊鼻蝇蛆感染情况调查、病理学及鼻黏膜免疫学的研究，以明确该地区羊鼻蝇蛆的感染率、该病的病理学及鼻黏膜免疫学变化。从春季至秋季对羊鼻蝇蛆感染情况进行调查，对307例绵羊进行羊头剖检，检查羊鼻蝇蛆病的各龄幼虫感染情况，同时观察病理变化，并采取感染羊的鼻黏膜、咽后淋巴结、脑和肺组织进行病理组织学检查，采用ELISA检测鼻腔分泌物IgA、IgG含量，通过流式细胞仪对鼻黏膜、咽后淋巴结中T淋巴细胞亚群进行检测。春季检查157例，鼻蝇蛆感染患羊34例，感染率达22%；秋季检查150例，感染患羊70例，感染率达47%；春秋两季平均感染率为34%。鼻蝇蛆感染绵羊鼻黏膜出现不同损伤和增生性炎，咽后淋巴结炎性细胞浸润，有的病例出现肺气肿，脑组织水肿。检出虫体的羊与未检出虫体羊比较，咽后淋巴结IgA分泌细胞和IgG分泌细胞呈增高趋势，尤其是淋巴结髓质中IgA分泌细胞和IgG分泌细胞明显增多；感染绵羊鼻腔分泌物中IgA、IgG水平显著高于未感染绵羊，咽后淋巴结、鼻黏膜CD4+水平显著性高于未感染绵羊，鼻黏膜CD8+水平较高于未感染绵羊，而咽后淋巴结中CD8+水平二者无明显差异，咽后淋巴结、鼻黏膜CD4+/CD8+的比率显著高于未感染绵羊。关键词：羊鼻蝇蛆；流行病学；病理学；鼻黏膜免疫学Research of Pathological and Immunology of Nasal mucosa on Oestrus ovis AbstractIn order to make clear the area of sheep nasal flies maggots infection,the pathological changes and nasal mucosa immunology of the disease,we carried out an infection survey,pathology and nasal mucosa immunology study of Oestrus ovis in the loess plateau area in Shanxi province from spring to autumn. 307 samples were dissected to check the infection status of nasal flies maggots larvae, while histopathology methods were used to observe pathological changes. And then，we examined the sheep nasal mucosa、retropharyngeal lymph nodes、brain and lung histologic. Then, the content of IgA and IgG in nasal chambers secretion were tested By ELISA, the T lymphocyte subsets were examined by using the flow cytomytor. 34 cases were detected in 157 sampled cases in spring，detection rate was 22%; 70 in 150 were detected in autumn detection rate was 47%; the average infection rate was 34%. nasal mucosa appeared different injury and proliferative inflammation, retropharyngeal lymphadenitis cells were infiltrated, others appeared emphysema , brain tissue edema. Compared with no parasite detected cases, the quantity of IgA secretory cells and IgG secretory cells in parasites detected cases increased significantly,especially in lymph node medulla. IgA and IgG in nasal secretion from infected sheep were significantly higher than uninfected one. CD4+ in retropharyngeal lymph nodes and nasal mucosa of infected sheep was the highest. CD8+ as same as CD4+. CD8+ in retropharyngeal lymph nodes were no obvious difference in infected and uninfected sheep. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in retropharyngeal lymph nodes and nasal mucosa of infected sheep were higher. Key words: Oestrus ovis;Epidemiology;Pathology;Immunology of Nasal mucosaDirected by: Prof Wang FonglongApplicant for Master degree: Du Changchun (veterinary pathology)(Animal Science and Animal Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010018, China)目 录1 引言11.1 羊鼻蝇蛆概述11.1.1 病原体及形态学11.1.2 流行病学11.1.3 发育生物学21.1.4 免疫学诊断41.1.5 病理学41.1.6 危害及临床症状41.1.7 羊鼻蝇蛆病的防治51.2 鼻腔免疫部分61.2.1 鼻腔组织学特点61.2.2 鼻腔的免疫功能61.2.3 鼻相关淋巴组织71.2.4 鼻腔免疫研究进展71.3 本课题研究的目的和意义92 实验研究92.1 实验一 山西黄土高原地区羊鼻蝇蛆病流行病学调查及病理组织学观察92.1.1 材料92.1.2 方法112.1.3 实验结果132.1.4 讨论182.2 实验二 羊鼻蝇蛆病鼻黏膜免疫应答研究202.2.1 材料202.2.2 方法222.2.3 实验结果252.2.4 讨论333 结论35致 谢36参 考 文 献37作 者 简 介44缩 略 语 表ADCC （antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒性作用APC（antigen present cell） 抗原提呈细胞ASC（antibdy secretory cells） 抗体分泌细胞CD4（helpercell） 辅助性T细胞CD8（SUPPRESSOR T cell） 抑制/杀伤T淋巴细胞DC（dendritic cell） 树突状细胞DMSO（dimethyl sulfoxide） 二甲基亚砜FCA（Flow cytometric analysis） 流式细胞仪GALT（gut-associated lymphoid tissue） 肠黏膜相关淋巴组织ELISA（enzyme linking immunosorbent assay） 酶联免疫吸附试验HEV（high epithelialvenules） 后微静脉IgA（immunoglobulin A） 免疫球蛋白AIgG（immunoglobulin G） 免疫球蛋白GIFN（interferon） 干扰素IL（intierleukin） 白细胞介素M c（melnbranous cell） 微皱细胞MALT（mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue