1托福185写作思路分析+参考提纲The Independent Writing TopicsThe following is a list of the actual Independent Writing topics that were eligible for use on former versions of the TOEFL test. You will see topics very similar to these on the TOEFL iBT. Whatever the topic, you will be asked to give your opinion and to support your opinion with specific reasons and examples. It does not matter whether you agree or disagree with the topic; the raters are trained to accept all varieties of opinions. What matters are the skills discussed in the previous section: your ability to respond directly to the question, to take a clear position, and to write an essay characterized by good organization, proper use of supporting examples, sentence variety, and correct sentence structures. None of the topics requires specialized knowledge. Most topics are general and are based on the common experience of people in general and students in particular. What should you do with this list of topics? To prepare for the Writing section of TOEFL iBT, you should choose topics from the list and practice writing essays in response. Make sure you time yourself, taking 30 seconds to read the question, plan your work, and write your essay. After completing the essay, read it over and compare it with the scoring guide. Or better yet, have a friend or teacher evaluate the essay against the scoring criteria and give you feedback.People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 参考分析：说明人们选择上大学的具体原因(一个或者多个)： 增加经验、拓展知识、开阔视野. Increase their experience of themselves, expend their knowledge in subjects they find interesting,education and experience breed a breath of vision and understanding to us. They can learn new skill for career with a lot of opportunities. 为了实现理想(ideal; idealistic)(如，周恩来就是为中华之崛起而读书). When we go to the university it can be bring about our idealistic, 为了保证将来的就业机会. It can ensure our obtain employment in the future.2 父母要求子女上大学. Our parents ask their children to go to the university. 别人都上大学了，所以自己也选择读书. A series of people choice to go to the university, so i have on choice but to study. 找不到工作. I havent a good job, so i have to choice attend college.(无知 ，总是一部分人做出某个选择的理由。上大学如是1，去博物馆如是12 ，从事危险运动亦如是43。)相关题目：1681、同意上大学好. （1）为未来工作进行准备 offer more opportunity in our future.（2）交更多的朋友，学习他们的思维方式 make many new friends, then learn their mode of thinking.（3）系统的学习知识 in the college we can learn systemic knowledge.2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.参考分析：因观点绝对而不能同意。 不是所有的父母都是好老师. 最好的老师不仅仅是父母 有些父母尽管善良，但对教育孩子一无所知 有些父母不配做孩子的老师，对孩子有不良影响2、同意父母是最好的老师. I have been lucky enough to have a very good relationship with my parents（1）父母从小就和我们在一起，给我们很多的知识 give me a necessary criticism,taught us significant knowledge. And we alway stay together since we were grown up.（2）父母和我们最为亲密，在任何时候，都会毫无保留地给我们知识 （3）父母最了解我们，所以他们给我们的建议和意见都是最有针对性的. They realize us the most. They often given us a range of suggest and opinion. 3. Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.参考分析：总体上，“食物变得越来越容易准备 ”是一种进步37 ，所以自然会带来 improvement。使人们的生活方式发生了一些变化：3 好的：o 节省时间，越来越方便，一定程度上把妇女从繁杂的家务中解放了出来save time. convenience. 也有不好的变化：o 准备食物是一种重要的家庭活动，可是食物变得容易准备一定程度上使家人在一起的时间减少了，比如“速冻饺子”quick-frozen dumplingo 快餐业的高速发展的一个直接结果是，人们普遍变胖了，尤其是孩子became fat. Especially children.相关题目：133、食品容易保存将改变人们的生活习惯. Change person lifes habits.（1）食品容易准备，节省了大量的时间，使人们可以做其他事情 （2）食品容易准备，为人们提供了更多的花样。 Food preparation today allows for more variety.（3）食品容易准备，为人们的健康带来了很多好处 Healthful eating is also easier than ever now.4. It has been said, Not everything that is learned is contained in books. Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?参考分析： 注意一定要先进行比较.compare,contrast 从书本中获取的知识o 优点： 题材、范围更多.more scope. 有更多的深度 depth. 更加的系统 systematic knowledge.o 缺点： 有时过于教条. Those content is so simplex. 也不见得完全准确. Those not nicety that knowledge gained from books. 从经验中获取的知识o 优点： 获取直接、简单明了. Simpleness , perspicuity. 更加地实用 more practicality(do more harm than good弊大于利) 有些知识无法从书本中获得. I think knowledge gained from books 4that the most important lessons cannot be taught .o 缺点： 不系统，很大的随意性. The content is not systematic ,and its at will. 很容易产生片面理解 when you learn something from experience , and you comprehension are unilateral. 不一定要说A比B更重要，或者 B比A 更重要。也可以选择在不同的情况下，有不同的比较。学习抽象的知识，书本是最好的来源。学习游泳，这只能靠经验。另外，大多数的知识要书本经验相结合才可以。相关题目：116 有些科目或者知识适合通过实践学习，比如，语言，体育 有些科目或者知识适合通过阅读学习，比如，物理、化学、历史、地理 有些科目或者知识适合通过与别人交流来学习，比如销售技巧；管理技巧所以不能一概而论(treat different things/problems/matters as the same)，要看学什么，以及学习的阶段。4、首先进行比较，然后说书是最重