Grammar: 动名词/现在词(一) -ing Verb,n. ( 动名词） adj. adv.（现在分词） 主动 被动 现在 doing being done 过去 having done having been done,an interesting cross talk adj. an amusing cross talk adj.,laughing audience adj.,This is a reading room. n. I can see some people reading in here. adj.,定语,定语,-ing Verb used as attribute,1) 起形容词作用的ing 动词作定语时，可以修饰人或物,表明其动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作也可以表示经常性动作或当时的状态。例如:,-ing Verb used as attribute,Do you know the woman talking to Tom? Can you think of the name of a flower beginning with “T”? Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.,The Indians living in Peru before the discovery of the New World by Europeans belonged to the Incan culture. There is nothing interesting in the film.,-ing Verb used as attribute,No one is to leave the train being examined. I have to deal with the problem of dripping taps myself. The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making progress.,-ing Verb used as attribute,注: 当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时,用-ing 动词的主动形式; 当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系,而且表示正在进行的意思时, 需要用being ed, (-ing 动词的被动形式); 当被修饰的名词为被动关系,而且表示完成的意思时,用-ed动词.,-ing Verb used as attribute,The problem being discussed at the meeting now is very important. This is the most touching story I have ever heard. Have you ever read Harry Potter written by J. K. Rolling?,-ing Verb used as attribute,2)起名词作用的-ing动词作定语时,可以用来说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能。,-ing Verb used as attribute,They found a good hiding place in the rocks. A swimming pool will be set up in the school.,a walking stick a sleeping car a reading room a dinning room a smoking car,-ing Verb used as attribute,主语,宾语,表语,表语,作主语 起名词作用的-ing 动词在句子中作主语，通常用来表示经常性的行为。 Riding a horse is fun. Mastering a second language takes time and patience.,-ing动词作主语的常用句型,no use / good It is + of little use / good + doing useless It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is of little good staying up so late every day.,作表语 a. 起名词作用的-ing动词作表语时通常表示经常性发生的事情。 My job is teaching. 注：在主语和表语都是非谓语动词的情况下，主表在形式上应保持一致。 Seeing is believing.,作表语 b. 起形容词作用的-ing动词作表语时,表示主语的特征，与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系 The film is interesting.,The film interests us / other people.,作宾语 起名词作用的-ing 动词可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。 1) 作动词的宾语 动词后作宾语的非谓语动词可以是不定式，也可以是-ing 动词。英语中有些动词只能用不定式作宾语，有些只能用-ing 动词作宾语.,下列动词后只接-ing 动词作宾语,suggest, avoid, miss, escape, allow, permit, forbid, resist, deny, admit, delay, excuse, pardon, require, appreciate, keep, mind, practise, risk, imagine, finish, complete, spend etc.,-ing 动词作(动词)宾语,He enjoys listening to pop music. Nobody enjoys being laughed at. It kept raining for three days. We appreciate having had the opportunity to meet the king. I cant stand your talking to me like that.,I can hardly imagine Peter/ Peters sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. We finished working at 7:30 last night.,-ing 动词作(动词)宾语,注: 在动词allow, advice, forbid, permit 等后直接跟-ing 作宾语, 但这些词后面如果有名词或代词作宾语, 其后的动词要用不定式形式, 或者说这些动词后面要用动词不定式作宾语补足语. We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow anyone to smoke here.,Smoking is not permitted here. We dont permit smoking here. Anyone is not permitted to smoke here. His parents forbade him to leave the room as a punishment. He was forbidden to leave the room, as a punishment. Law forbids selling alcohol to anyone under the age of 21.,注: 有些动词既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接-ing 动词作宾语，但有些词有意思上的差别： prefer, like, dislike, love, hate, stop, consider, help, try, mean, forget, remember, regret, need, require, etc.,-ing 动词作(动词)宾语,I remember driving along the river before the accident happened. He never remembers to water the plant. The girl couldnt help crying when she heard the sad story. Could you help me (to) paint the house? Stop making that noise! He stopped to have a rest.,Im sorry for giving you so much trouble. Im sorry to hear that you wont be able to come. I wont take English lessons if it means studying all the time. I mean to finish reading the book by Christmas.,2)作介词宾语 作介词宾语的非谓语动词一般是起名词作用的 ing 动词。但but, except之后可以用不定式。 We are interested in learning more about your work. We show other people that we are happy by smiling.,Im used to sleeping with the windows open. He went away without saying goodbye to anyone. He went to the party without being invited.,作介词的宾语,Special expressions with ing verbs, have fun doing sth. have a good / hard time doing sth. have trouble (in) doing sth. have difficulty (in) doing sth sit/ stand/ lie + place + doing He sat at the desk reading. He lay in bed thinking.,Special expressions with ing verbs, look forward to doing stick to (doing) sth. object to doing pay attention to doing get down to doing waste (money, time, etc) doing,Special expressions with ing verbs, cant help doing cant stand doing be worth doing be busy doing feel like doing devote to doing,Thank you for your co-operation!,