Module 4 Great Inventions,Unit 3 Language practice,Language practice,Paper and printing have been used for ages. The battery hasnt been changed for a couple of months. Has it been published yet? Information can be kept on CD-ROMs. Books could only be produced one at a time. Can books be replaced by computers?,现在完成时的被动语态： have/has（not） been +过去分词,情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词（not）+ be +过去分词,Conclusion:,（一）,一般现在时 amis are +动词的过去分词,一般过去时 waswere +动词的过去分词,一般将来时 will bebe going to be +动词的过去分词,情态动词 aux.v. (mustcancouldmay + be +动词的过去分词,现在进行时 be(am、is、are)+being +动词的过去分词,现在完成时 havehas +been+动词的过去分词,被动语态的构成：be +动词的过去分词,被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 。,当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。,表格：被动态基本结构,am/is/are done,was/were done,am/is/are being done,was/were being done,shall/will be done,would be done,have/has been done,had been done,Conclusion:,主动语态如何改成被动语态？,1. 主动语态的宾语改成被动语态的主语。,2. 主动语态的谓语动词改成被动语态的谓语动词。do,3. 注意保持时态和人称的一致。,4. 带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。当把直接宾语改成主语时，谓语动词后必须加适当的介词: to for.,如：give,be given to,此类动词还有：,pass show send,再如：,buy,be bought for,此类动词还有：,make draw cook mend,5. 一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略to作宾语补足语，改成被动语态时，to必须还原。,（二）,be done,注:1. 不及物动词（vi.)不用被动语态。如:happen、take place 、appear、,disappear,几种特殊结构1.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday 2.We often hear him play the guitar,I was given a gift on my birthday A gift was given to me on my birthday. He is often heard to play the guitar 注意：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make, listen to, look at等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。,A recorder is used in our English class every day.,Lets practice！,use for,Often play,Football is played all over the world.,A camera is used for taking photos.,Lets practice！,rob yesterday,A man-made satellite was sent up into space last year.,A bank was robbed yesterday.,Lets practice！,must plant,cover with,in a few yearstime,The tree must be planted on the ground.,The ground will be covered with trees in a few years time.,Lets practice！,a tall give soon,They will be sent to the hospital right now.,A talk will be given soon.,dig,The earth is being dug now.,The food has been eaten up already.,Exercises,Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.,1.I think one day books may _(place) completely. 2. My bike _(leave) at school, so I have to take the bus to school today. 3. The battery _(charge) yet. How can I use my recorder. 4. Paper should not _(throw) away. 5. Books and other material can _(borrow) from the library. 6. Ive bought a second-hand MP3 playerand about 1,000 songs have _(download) onto it! 7. Has the computer _(repair) yet? I need to write my article with it. 8. What have _(turn on)? The radio.,be borrowed,has been left,hasnt been charged,be thrown,be placed,been downloaded,been turned on,been repaired,Exercises,Complete the quiz questions and choose the correct answer.,Who/ pyramids/ build? Who were the pyramids built by? a) The Egyptians b) The Ancient Greeks c) The Romans,2. What/ use/ to make paper since the 19th century? a) Wood b) Silk c) Cotton 3.Where/ the story of Romeo and Juliet / set? a) In New York b) In Athens c) In London 4.where/ the worlds oldest book printed on paper/ discover? a) In India b) In China c) In Egypt 5.How long/ computers/ use? a) For less than 50 years. b) For 50 years c) For more than 50,What was used to make paper since the 19th century?,Where was the story of Romeo and Juliet set?,Exercises,Make questions and write answers.,What/ shouldnt /do/with paper? (waste),-What shouldnt be done with paper? -It shouldnt be wasted.,what/can/use/to make paper? (many things) What/ might/use/to replace books one day? (computers) how/must/printers/keep? (in good conditions) Where/can/music/keep? (on MP3 players),How has the place changed?,Use these words: add, change, open, paint, put, turn on, take away,The window The cap The light The basketball The sweater The painting Two chairs The books The dishes,have/has been,Exercises,Complete the passage with the correct form of the words.,From about 500 BC, pens _ for writing. The feathers of large birds _ and dried. The point of each feather was sharpened. Then people used them to write with ink. Many famous works, such as Shakespeares plays, _ with these pens. Then in the 18th century, A pen with a steel writing point _ Only a few words could _, however, before the writer had to fill the pen with ink again. Many years later, the fountain pen _ from these early pens. In 1950, a European called Laszlo Biro invented the ballpoint pen. The popularity of writing _quickly with the _ of the ballpoint pen. Even today, ballpoint pen, or Biros, as they _, are much less expensive, compared with the fountain pens.,were used,were cleaned,were written,was invented,call, clean, develop, introduce, invent, produce, spread, use