形容词、 副词,一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级,1.形容词的规则变化,taller harder larger wider,tallest hardest largest widest,bigger hotter fatter wetter,biggest hottest fattest Wettest,happier drier earlier,happiest driest earliest,narrower cleverer,narrowest cleverest,more difficult more popular More slowly,most difficult most popular most slowly,oftenest most often,oftener more often,often,often 可以采用 两种方式,most slowly/ clearly/ seldom earliest,more slowly/ clearly/ seldom earlier,slowly clearly seldom 但： early,以 -ly 后缀结尾的副词及表示频度的时间副词加 more和most,fastest hardest soonest,faster harder sooner,fast hard soon,单音节词加- er 或 st,最高级,比较级,原级,词 尾 变 化,2.副词的规则变化,3、形容词、副词的不规则变化,better,best,worse,worst,less,more,most,farther / further,older,least,er / est,oldest,二、形容词和 副词的用法,1.某些形容词只作表语:,(1) 以a-开头的形容词：alone, asleep, awake, alive, alike, afraid, ashamed, aware,He is fast asleep in his bedroom. We are fully aware of the difficulty. I felt ashamed of my terrible mistake.,A. 有些这类形容词，在有一状语修饰时， 也可能用作定语。 the fast asleep children the wide awake patient a somewhat afraid soldier,B. 表语形容词有其特定的修饰语, 下面是一些常见的特殊形容词及其修饰语, 要作特殊记忆：,well worth doing quite possible quite impossible sound / fast asleep wide awake all / very much alone dead drunken (very) much alike happily alive,很值得做 十分可能 不可能 熟睡 完全醒着 十分孤独 烂醉 十分相象 十分活泼,very: 修饰原级或现在分词 much: 修饰比较级或过去分词,(2) 表示健康状况的形容词: well, ill, faint,I didnt feel well, but the doctor said it was nothing serious. The engineer was ill with overwork. His strength grew faint.as he was getting on in years.,(3) 某些表示情感和心理状态等的形容词: glad, sorry, fond, sure, worth, unable, mistaken, busy,少量表语形容词间或可作定语，但要后置，请参考本文第四大点。,2. 形容词也可用在sit, stand, lie 等动词后 或某些结构中来描述主语.,She sat motionless, waiting for their decision. The valley lay quiet and peaceful in the sun.,3.英语中有四个形容词 like, unlike, near, worth可以跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 其中 like 常与 feel , look 连用。 It looks like rain. The book is worth reading. In his jeans and T-shirt, Charles looked unlike a lawyer.,4.It is + 形容词+ of + 代词 + 不定式 brave, clever, cruel, rude, silly, foolish, kind, nice, stupid, wise, wrong,5.当 too 与 kind, easy, ready, eager, anxious, willing 等连用,后面的不定式无否定意义。 You are too kind to help me. She is too eager to finish the work. 当 tooto do 前有 never, not, only, but 等词时, 或出现 toonot to 的双重否定时,该结构的意义为肯定。 It is never too old to learn. She was too anxious not to make such a mistake.,6.形容词作状语的情况： Overjoyed, she dashed out of the house. (伴随) She grasped my hands, unable to say anything. （伴随） He survived after the accident, unharmed. （结果） Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote. （原因） Curious, we looked around for other guests. （原因） 作状语时一般放在句子前，或句子后部；但有些形容词有时用在动词后面，表示状态： Many poets died young. I drink the milk hot.,7.副词辨析及两种形式的副词辨析:,(1) ago, before,ago 主要用于一般过去时 before 主要用于完成时态,I visited him three days ago, but he had gone to Beijing two days before. We have been to the valley before. (不确定的过去只能用before.),要注意有些副词有两种形式:一种与形容词 同形, 另一种后有 -ly。有的含义相同或略 有不同,有的则意义完全不同,极易被混淆。,(2) fairly, rather,fairly 主要用于修饰褒义词, rather 主要用于贬义词 Mary did fairly well in the exam, but I did rather badly.,fairly 只有一种顺序: a fairly + n. rather 有两种顺序: a rather +n. = rather a +n. This is a fairly easy book. It is a rather cold day. = It is rather a cold day.,rather,+ too + adj. / adv. + 比较级,The problem is rather too difficult for a pupil. Its rather colder at the top of the mountain than at the foot.,(3) almost, nearly,almost 和 no one, nothing, no, none, nobody, never 连用；nearly 和 not 连用,Almost no one wanted to stop to have a rest. He almost never attends parties.,not nearly 意为“远不如, 远远少于,相差很远”,There isnt nearly enough time to learn all these words.,(4) easy 与 easily 两词均含 “慢慢地” 或 “容易地” 之意, 但用法上有区别， easy 主要用于一些习惯用语, 如: Easy come, easy go. / Easy does it 来得容易，去得快. / 慢慢干，别太使劲. 其它情况均用easily, 有时还作“无疑”或 “很可能”解。例如： 1) We talked about reducing our costs, but its easier said than done 2) Sit down and take it easy (= relax )! 3) They wont give up so easily 4) He may easily be late today,(5) free 与 freely : free用于动词后, “免费” ,“自由地” 强调动作不受阻碍； freely “随便地” ， “慷慨地” 强调动作发生的随意性，例如： 1) The books are given away free 2) The children run free across the meadow 3) The drugs are freely available. 4) He is always giving away his money freely to the poor.,(6) late 与 lately late “迟”，“晚” ， 在 as late as 与 no later than 等习语中含“最近”之意; lately :“最近” 或 “不久前” = recently。 1)Tom came to school late and missed the first class 2)He got here five minutes late 3)What have you been doing lately? 4)It is only (or just) lately that 1 got a copy of it,(7) loud 与 loudly 均为“高声地”或“大声地” 多用于talk，speak。shout，laugh等词后， 可以互换, 但是 在boast，exclaim 动词后用 loudly。 在比较级中用 louder，loudest。例如： 1)Dont talk so loud (loudly) 2)She complained loudly of having been kept waiting 3)Speak louder ; I cant hear you,(8) most与mostly most: “极、非常、很”,有时相当于 very； mostly: “多半、主要地、基本上” 例如： 1)Youre a most (=very)unusual person 2)My homework is mostly done 3)They were mostly out on Sundays,(9) pretty 与 prettily pretty:“相当” , 表程度，意同 fairly， 用于成语: pret