词语翻译之,成语与翻译,汉语成语英译,汉语成语的特点为：言简意赅、生动形象、比一般的词语有更强的表现力、历来为人们所喜欢用的一种精粹的语言材料。以四字格为主体的汉语成语不少于一万条，在政治、文艺，科技等文体中起着积极重要的作用。所以，在汉译英中，汉语成语的处理自然是一个不可忽视的问题。,成语英译方法（p79-81）,直译法 意译法 套译法 加注法 增译法,直译法,按照字面意义直译可以让译文读者准确理解其意义、且不违背译文语言规范、不引起错误联想的成语，都可以直译。,-直译法-1,有些汉语成语没有形象的比喻意义，它们的字面意义也就是它们的实际意义。对这些成语，我们当然可以采取字面翻译。,口蜜腹剑 to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted,-直译法,劳苦功高 to have spent toilsome labour and won distinctive merits 屡教不改 to fail to mend ones ways after repeated admonition 牢不可破 to be so strongly built as to be indestructible,汉语成语英译-直译法-2,有些成语按字面意思直译成英语，其比喻效果同原文一样生动，译文使读者很快就能联想到英文中的对等成语。 竭泽而渔 to drain a pond to catch all the fish,打草惊蛇 to stir up the grass and alert the snake 易如反掌 to be as easy as turning over ones hand 玩火自焚 to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself,汉语成语英译,挥金如土 to spend money like dirt 掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm 对牛弹琴 to play the lute to a cow,雪中送炭 to send charcoal in a snowy weather 画蛇添足 to draw a snake and add feet to it,汉语成语英译-直译法3,不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语，但他们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义。如： 声东击西 to shout in the east and strike in the west,刻骨铭心 to be engraved on ones heart and bones 调虎离山 to lure a tiger from the mountain,Practice-直译法练习,攻其不备 史无前例 守口如瓶 井底之蛙,to strike sb when he is unprepared to be without precedent in history to keep ones mouth closed like a bottle to be like a frog at the bottom of a well,意译法-1,然而，汉语成语并非每条都能按字面翻译，有些成语的比喻形象是译文读者不能接受的。这种情况下，我们可以根据成语的实际意义灵活地翻译。,粗枝大叶 to be crude and careless /cf.（confer） with big branches and large leaves 无孔不入 to take advantage of every weakness/cf. to get into every hole,意译法,灯红酒绿 dissipated and luxurious cf. with red lights and green wine,纸醉金迷 (a life of) luxury and dissipation cf. with drunken paper and bewitched gold,意译法,单枪匹马 to be single-handed in doing sth. cf. with a solitary spear and a single horse,海阔天空 (to talk ) at random 风雨飘摇 (of a situation) being unstable,意译法-2,有一部分汉语成语带有一定的中国文化背景，有的成语在字面上就含有中国古代的人名、地名，有的出自寓言或历史的典故。,对这一部分成语，字面翻译是无法为外国读者所接受的。如加上解释性文字，就失去了成语精粹的特点。我们最好的办法就是绕开其文化背景，译出其真正的内涵意义。,意译类,叶公好龙 professed love of what one really fears 东施效颦 crude imitation with ludicrous effect,南柯一梦 a fond dream or illusory joy 四面楚歌 to be besieged on all sides,意译类,缁铢必较 to haggle over every penny 罄竹难书 (of crimes) to numerous to mention,初出茅庐 at the beginning of ones careers 悬梁刺股 to be extremely hard-working in ones study,Practice-意译法练习,开门见山 扬眉吐气 大张旗鼓 毛遂自荐 倾城倾国,to come straight to the point cf. to open the door and see the mountain to feel proud and elated cf. to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath on a large and spectacular scale to volunteer ones service to be exceedingly beautiful,套译法-1,有很多汉语成语和英语成语在意义上是对等的，我们可用英语成语来翻译这部分汉语成语，给译文读者一种生动感和亲切感。,小题大做 make a mountain out of a molehill 洗心革面 turn over a new leaf,套译法,横行霸道 throw ones weight about 大发雷霆 blow ones top 格格不入 be like square pegs in round holes,过河拆桥 kick down the ladder 乳臭未干 be wet behind the ears 魂不附体 jump out of ones skin,套译法-2,还有这种情况，多条词义汉语成语里的任何一条可用对等的多条同义成语中的任何一条来翻译。,如：表示“进退两难”的英汉成语有,左右为难 between the devil and the deep sea 进退维谷 stick in the mud 骑虎难下,between the horns of a dilemma 左支右绌 between two fires 跋前踬后 in a fix (dilemma/ quandary/ predicament),套译法,羝羊触藩 in a cleft stick 不上不下 at a nonplus 进退两难,hold a wolf by the ears 无所适从 with ones back to the wall 莫衷一是 between Scylla and Chrarybdis,Practice-套译法练习,赴汤蹈火 乱七八糟 挥金如土 杀鸡取卵,go through fire and water at sixes and sevens spend money like water kill the goose that lays golden eggs,Assignments:,一、认真阅读新编汉英翻译教程第四章p86-125。（背记其中出现的语词、例句） 二、背记附录3中-“国务院各部、委、局的名称” 英译（农牧渔业部宗教事务局），下节课检查。,三、翻译下文中划线部分：,仿佛在重温小姑娘时的课程。远远望见四十岁的路标，心里便塞满了有关四十岁的事情。你该知道四十岁的女人衣要清爽妆要淡雅，你不要让活泼的大笑绽在多褶的脸上强加于人。对年轻的女孩，你要用宽厚来溶化其挑衅的锋芒；对年长的妇女，你需得收敛以维护其过敏的自尊。你最好别再东奔西跑，道听途说，穿针引线，热情高涨，忙得不可开交。当然你也别长吁短叹顾影自怜，凄凄惨惨戚戚。你该帮的事或许在于用沉思静写苦读充沛灵魂，在于用实干坚韧缜密对待工作。四十岁自有四十岁的天地，假如用外表的伶俐换得了内在的凝重，你肯定认为这是交易公平。 要求：分析文中的成语，用合适的方法进行翻译。下周二上交。,