Business English and Business English Translation,1. The definition of Business English Business English is a branch of English for Specific Purposes and includes aspects as Language Knowledge, Communication Skills, Professional Content, Management skills and Cultural Awareness,2. Language Features of Business English A. Language forms, vocabulary and content of Business English are closely related to Business theories and business practices. B. Features in vocabulary 1. Easy-to-understand approval-approbation improve-ameliorate 2. Formal wording in business documents such as in contracts prior to/previous to- before expiry-end certify-prove solicit-seek 3. Individual verb vs. verb phrases appoint-make an appoint of continue-keep on/go on supplement-add to 4. Prep. phrases vs. short prep. and conj. in the nature of/along the lines of -like for the purpose of-for in the case of-if in the event that/of - if on the grounds that-since/because with reference to/with regard to-about,3. Objectivity This is a positive point-I think the positive point is On the other hand, the disadvantage is- In my opinion, we have a disadvantage The aim of this report is/ The present report sets out to- my aim in writing The finding shows that- I found that It was decided/felt/concluded that- I decided that,4. Accuracy We wish to confirm our telex dispatched yesterday in a week in one week or less 一周以内 before August 10 on or before August 10 8月10日前 in early July with the first 10 days of July 7月上旬,5. Different meaning of common English words Upon receipt of these sellers delivery advice, the buyers shall, 15-20 days prior to the delivery date, open a transferable, irrevocable letter of credit in favor of the seller for an amount equivalent to the total amount of the shipment.,Principles of Business English Translation,Faithfulness 忠实 Idiomaticness 地道 Consistency 统一（译名、概念、术语）,1. In view of the companys performance in the previous year, the board of directors approved a series of new investment plans. 2. Failure to respond promptly to new market demands has blunted the electronic giants competitive edge. 3. A good image is one of the most vital ingredients of business success. 4. We are convinced that with the joint efforts of our two cities, the friendly relation and cooperation between us will develop further. 5. We must continue the strategy of winning through superior quality and achieve a diversified market. We must also implement export-stimulating policies in order to expand exports. 6. Foreign trade enterprises should both strengthen their internal management and actively establish an operational mechanism favorable to expansion of their share in international markets. 7. Of course, we must also strive to attract transnational corporations to invest in China especially in research and development projects as well as in the reorganization and reform of the state-owned enterprises. 8. We believe that through the implementation of the strategy of developing Chinas west, the area will assume a new look in terms of ecological environment, thus attracting more foreign investment.,Chapter Four Word adding and word cutting in B.E. translation,A. Word adding,Under three circumstances the method of word adding is used in B.E. translation: For grammatical needs: single form - plural form of nouns tense repetition,2. For the purpose of clear and natural expression in translation: words added include: verb, adjective, noun, adverb, unit words, mood words, category words, summarizing words.,3. For the purpose of supplementing background or cultural knowledge,B. Word cutting,1. The pronouns and conjunction in Chinese are usually omitted when translated from English to Chinese.,2. Articles, to+verb, some prep. can also be omitted.,When there is much buying and selling of goods and services, we say “ Business is good.” 2. After a series of experiments important phenomena have been ascertained. 3. The first electronic computers went into operation in 1945. 4. Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 5. The major problem in manufacturing is the control of contamination and foreign materials, e.g. drugs. 6. Grinding consists in shaping a piece of work by bringing it into contact with a rotating abrasive wheel. 7. Both water waves and electromagnetic waves have the characteristics of velocity, frequency and amplitude. 8. The question is really a network design rather than a layout problem. 9. Banks are closely concerned with the flow of money into and out of the economy. 10. The export is not permitted to exceed its limitation. 11. In a democracy one of the most difficult discretions governments have to make is what kinds of taxes to levy. 12. Some people hold that modern economies can just close gates, but the movement of capital, values and ideas knows no border. 13. Note again that considerable simplification