7A版优质实用文档手把手教你如何用Python绘制JS地图Folium是建立在Python生态系统的数据整理（Datawrangling）能力和Leaflet.js库的映射能力之上的开源库。用Python处理数据，然后用Folium将它在Leaflet地图上进行可视化。概念Folium能够将通过Python处理后的数据轻松地在交互式的Leaflet地图上进行可视化展示。它不单单可以在地图上展示数据的分布图，还可以使用Vincent/Vega在地图上加以标记。这个开源库中有许多来自OpenStreetMap、MapQuestOpen、MapQuestOpenAerial、MapboG和Stamen的内建地图元件，而且支持使用MapboG或Cloudmade的API密钥来定制个性化的地图元件。Folium支持GeoJSON和TopoJSON两种文件格式的叠加，也可以将数据连接到这两种文件格式的叠加层，最后可使用color-brewer配色方案创建分布图。安装安装folium包开始创建地图创建底图，传入起始坐标到Folium地图中：importfoliummap_osm=folium.Map(location=45.5236,-122.6750)#输入坐标map_osm.create_map(path=osm.html)Folium默认使用OpenStreetMap元件，但是StamenTerrain,StamenToner,MapboGBright和MapboGControl空间元件是内置的：#输入位置，tiles，缩放比例stamen=folium.Map(location=45.5236,-122.6750,tiles=StamenToner,zoom_start=13)stamen.create_map(path=stamen_toner.html)#保存图片Folium也支持Cloudmade和MapboG的个性化定制地图元件，只需简单地传入API_key：custom=folium.Map(location=45.5236,-122.6750,tiles=MapboG,API_key=wrobstory.map-12345678)最后，Folium支持传入任何与Leaflet.js兼容的个性化地图元件：tileset=rhttp:/s.tiles.yourtiles.com/z/G/y.pngmap=folium.Map(location=45.372,-121.6972,zoom_start=12,tiles=tileset,attr=MyDataAttribution)地图标记Folium支持多种标记类型的绘制，下面从一个简单的Leaflet类型的位置标记弹出文本开始：map_1=folium.Map(location=45.372,-121.6972,zoom_start=12,tiles=StamenTerrain)map_1.simple_marker(45.3288,-121.6625,popup=Mt.HoodMeadows)#文字标记map_1.simple_marker(45.3311,-121.7113,popup=TimberlineLodge)map_1.create_map(path=mthood.html)Folium支持多种颜色和标记图标类型：map_1=folium.Map(location=45.372,-121.6972,zoom_start=12,tiles=StamenTerrain)map_1.simple_marker(45.3288,-121.6625,popup=Mt.HoodMeadows,marker_icon=cloud)#标记图标类型为云map_1.simple_marker(45.3311,-121.7113,popup=TimberlineLodge,marker_color=green)#标记颜色为绿色map_1.simple_marker(45.3300,-121.6823,popup=SomeOtherLocation,marker_color=red,marker_icon=info-sign)#标记颜色为红色，标记图标为“info-sign”)map_1.create_map(path=iconTest.html)Folium也支持使用个性化的尺寸和颜色进行圆形标记：map_2=folium.Map(location=45.5236,-122.6750,tiles=StamenToner,zoom_start=13)map_2.simple_marker(location=45.5244,-122.6699,popup=TheWaterfront)简单树叶类型标记map_2.circle_marker(location=45.5215,-122.6261,radius=500,popup=LaurelhurstPark,line_color=#3186cc,fill_color=#3186cc)#圆形标记map_2.create_map(path=portland.html)Folium有一个简便的功能可以使经/纬度悬浮于地图上：map_3=folium.Map(location=46.1991,-122.1889,tiles=StamenTerrain,zoom_start=13)map_3.lat_lng_popover()map_3.create_map(path=sthelens.html)Click-for-marker功能允许标记动态放置：map_4=folium.Map(location=46.8527,-121.7649,tiles=StamenTerrain,zoom_start=13)map_4.simple_marker(location=46.8354,-121.7325,popup=CampMuir)map_4.click_for_marker(popup=Waypoint)map_4.create_map(path=mtrainier.html)Folium也支持来自Leaflet-DVF的Polygon（多边形）标记集：map_5=folium.Map(location=45.5236,-122.6750,zoom_start=13)map_5.polygon_marker(location=45.5012,-122.6655,popup=RossIslandBridge,fill_color=#132b5e,num_sides=3,radius=10)#三边形标记map_5.polygon_marker(location=45.5132,-122.6708,popup=HawthorneBridge,fill_color=#45647d,num_sides=4,radius=10)#四边形标记map_5.polygon_marker(location=45.5275,-122.6692,popup=SteelBridge,fill_color=#769d96,num_sides=6,radius=10)#四边形标记map_5.polygon_marker(location=45.5318,-122.6745,popup=BroadwayBridge,fill_color=#769d96,num_sides=8,radius=10)#八边形标记map_5.create_map(path=bridges.html)Vincent/Vega标记Folium能够使用vincent进行任何类型标记，并悬浮在地图上。buoy_map=folium.Map(location=46.3014,-123.7390,zoom_start=7,tiles=StamenTerrain)buoy_map.polygon_marker(location=47.3489,-124.708,fill_color=#43d9de,radius=12,popup=(vis1,vis1.json)buoy_map.polygon_marker(location=44.639,-124.5339,fill_color=#43d9de,radius=12,popup=(vis2,vis2.json)buoy_map.polygon_marker(location=46.216,-124.1280,fill_color=#43d9de,radius=12,popup=(vis3,vis3.json)GeoJSON/TopoJSON层叠加GeoJSON和TopoJSON层都可以导入到地图，不同的层可以在同一张地图上可视化出来：geo_path=rdata/antarctic_ice_edge.jsontopo_path=rdata/antarctic_ice_shelf_topo.jsonice_map=folium.Map(location=-59.1759,-11.6016,tiles=MapboGBright,zoom_start=2)ice_map.geo_json(geo_path=geo_path)#导入geoJson层ice_map.geo_json(geo_path=topo_path,topojson=objects.antarctic_ice_shelf)#导入Toposon层ice_map.create_map(path=ice_map.html)分布图Folium允许PandasDataFrames/Series类型和Geo/TopoJSON类型之间数据转换。ColorBrewer颜色方案也是内建在这个库，可以直接导入快速可视化不同的组合：importfoliumimportpandasaspdstate_geo=rdata/us-states.json#地理位置文件state_unemployment=rdata/US_Unemployment_Oct20GG.csv#美国失业率文件state_data=pd.read_csv(state_unemployment)#LetFoliumdeterminethescalemap=folium.Map(location=48,-102,zoom_start=3)map.geo_json(geo_path=state_geo,data=state_data,columns=State,Unemployment,key_on=feature.id,fill_color=YlGn,fill_opacity=0.7,line_opacity=0.2,legend_name=UnemploymentRate(%)map.create_map(path=us_states.html)基于D3阈值尺度，Folium在右上方创建图例，通过分位数创建最佳猜测值，导入设定的阈值很简单：map.geo_json(