,猜测词义,Guessing meanings,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4. The underlined word “” means _. ,Lead-in(导入),1. Definition 定义法,3. Similarity 相似法,2. Contrast 对比法,4. Cause and effect 因果法,5. Example 例举法,8. Common Sense 普通常识,6. Word Formation 构词法,猜测词义,7. Context 上下文,It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily.,1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。,(adj. 易碎的, 脆的),The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.,(n. 牧羊人),信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as ,that is, that is to say,in other words,- (破折号)等. A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood. Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.,蚊子,沙漠,Ex. 1 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. They are vertebrates,that is ,animals have backbones. The period of adolescence,i.e.the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short.,木匠,动物学家,脊椎动物,青春期,“Getting the cold shoulder” means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted. The very words create a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder a “cold” shoulder.,The expression “getting the cold shoulder” means _.,being treated rudely by paying no attention to you,B. greeting you friendly,C. greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you,D. feeding you cold meat,2. Contrast 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。 表示对比的信号词有yet, but,while ,though however, otherwise, on the one handon the other hand, for one thingfor another thing, instead of 等。,Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.,污秽的,节约的,Ex. 2 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.,混乱,无辜的,天生的,Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.,(v. 不同意),3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。,Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.,(adj. 巨大的;极大的),当被猜的词前后有信号词: or, like , asas, the same as等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。 Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.,圆胖的,4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。,One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.,That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.,(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的),(adj. 大的),因果关系 信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, sothat, suchthat, thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.,弹性的,混浊的,5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有for instance, for example, such as: such, like, especially, include, consist of 等,Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.,(n. 电器用具),Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.,家禽,装置,6. Word Formation 构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向),superman microwave (超人) nonnatural mispronouce (非自然的) homeless nonsmoker (无家可归的) rebuild eastwards (重建),Can you guess the right meanings?,(微波),(非烟民),(发错音),(向东),Today the sport is popular in Latin America, Asia and, unfortunately, in some parts of the United States-even though it is unlawful in almost every state.,What does the word “unlawful” possibly mean?,A. allowed by the law,C. against the law,B. in accordance with the law,D. having nothing to do with the law,Prefix (前缀） usualunusual happy-unhappy,Eg. Im going to buy a microbus.,micro+bus 微型公共汽车,This possibility was unforeseeable，because it almost never happened.,un+foresee+able 不可预见的,7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。,A,(n. 猫头鹰),A,(n. 猿),8. Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。,在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识