http:/www.northessay.com/ 留学生论文专业定制代写网站留学生Essay写作视觉效果是改善还是破坏电影效果?IntroductionFrom the very inception of film visual effects have been employed by numerous photographers and film makers to enhance,to realise and create new meaning.The very early days of film took great advantage ofvisual magicto create illusions and trickery which have impressed countless audiences.Over a century ago when photography was emerging as an art form some unscrupulous commercial photographers would capture portrait shots using an ordinary exposure but then as soon as the subject was removed from the studio a collaborator would be positioned within the same setting,a quick exposure would be taken so as to leave a faint image trace on the film.The unsuspecting customer would then be handed a positive copy of their image with what appeared to be a ghostly figure in shot.A more subtle variation involved the customer being placed with numerous props around him or her,the props would be removed for the second exposure of the ghost character,so as they wouldnt appear too deliberately double exposed.The ghost character would usually be wearing black clothing as film does notseeblack due to the chemical process in the emulsion of film which identifies light only,therefore only the ghost would appear in the second image.And herein began the industry of special effects.This ghost trick was the starting point for what is now known as the matte process where unrequired objects are removed from the exposure by masking them so they do not register on the film.One of the first uses of this process in a moving image sequence was witnessed in Alexander Kordas Things To Come(1936)in which the upper levels of a futuristic underground city have been double exposed above footage of live actors,matte masks prevented one image showing on the other image.This film provides one of the earliest examples of special effects being adopted to positively improve the aesthetics of a film.Of course since films early experiments with visual effects the industry has today developed into a very sophisticated,digitally driven and technically ultra-advanced visual medium.Computers have taken special effects to an entirely new level and as computers continue to update and improve their spec so too will the film industry develop around these advances;quite simply computers and digital technology have enabled films to be produced which otherwise would not have been.However despite the often profound visual success of special effects in certain cases some people argue that film is now placing an over reliance on special effects,they argue that visual effects in some films are counter productive as they come across as ineffective and some times unnecessary.Some also question the performance of the actors if all they are doing in a film is running in front of a green screen shouting at an imaginedalienclutching an imagined prop.Others raise concerns regarding the films quality and the processes of putting a film together where much of it is CGI constituted.So is it really the case that films being produced now would be better received by audiences if they did not make so much use of visual effects?Or is it that some studios and directors simply cant adjust effectively to modern day film making?And who is to blame for this?Man or machine?As visual effects artist Piers Bizony points out:One of the greatest misconceptions about modern movies is that visual effects are generated by computers.Nothing could be further from the truth.Human inventiveness is the most important ingredient and it always will be.Computers offer amazing new possibilities,but the underlying challenges of movie illusions are the same today as they were nearly a century ago when the industry was young.Chapter 1:The Profound Benefits of Using Visual Effects in FilmDigital effects have significantly impacted on mainstream films,indeed digital technology is now synonymous with exceptional visual effects.Michael Baileys sci-fi film Armageddon(1999)provides a good example of a director engaging with digital visual effects which achieves an impressive and hugely successful end product.The disaster film depicts the efforts to prevent Earth being destroyed by a huge meteorite on a collision course with it.Teams ofheroesare sent into orbit in an attempt to blow the meteorite up and save the world.The film is saturated with digital effects some of which are the result of a very complex process.These computer generated sequences include the entire orbit scenes,the meteorite shots and the films climax.The evolutionary process by which the visual effects product is accomplished can be an awe inspiring process in itself;take for example the asteroid in Armageddon which began life as a small sketch on a napkin,the image was then refined and digitized,then colour was added to it in Photoshop.After this a physical model of the asteroid was constructed out of foam.Numerous shots w