第3讲 主旨大意题,【考纲解读】 (1)主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解, 它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下, 对整篇文章的主 旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。 (2)它既考查细节理解能力, 又考查深层次的推理、概 括能力, 难度较大。,(3)有时从文章的第一个段落, 甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义; 有时, 文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。,【考查特点】 . 把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式: (1)What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text? (2)The main idea/The general idea/The main theme of this passage is _.,(3)The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _. (4)What is mainly discussed in the text? (5)Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? (6)Which of the following statements is best supported by the text? (7)The passage mainly focuses on _.,. 掌握主旨大意题的考查角度 (1)主题类(内容), 考查文章或段落的主旨大意; (2)标题类, 要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。,文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现, 有 以下五种情况: 1. 正三角形写作法 即中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山, 提出主题, 随 之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思 想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式, 即由一般到,特殊, 先提出观点, 后举例论证, 主题句则出现在段首。大意题、标题一般可在第一段找到答题依据。,【典例】(2018全国卷D) Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less. . . .,35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Take It or Leave It B. A Lesson from Kids C. Live More with Less D. The Pleasure of Giving,【点拨】根据文章第一段可知, 作者想要教会孩子how to live more with less, 而后面的段落讲述的是作者的尝试, 故选C。,2. 倒三角形写作法 即主题句出现在文尾。在细节后, 归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果, 以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式, 即细节表述的句子在前, 概括性的句子居后, 主题句则常位于末段。,【典例】 (2018浙江卷B) Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.,Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to,make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.,Among the bag makers argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.,The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.,Environmentalists dont dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.,27. What is the best title for the text? A. Plastic, Paper or Neither B. Industry, Pollution and Environment C. Recycle or Throw Away D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control,【点拨】根据最后一段中的内容可知, 本文主要讲述了塑料袋和可重复使用纸袋的利弊。故选A。,3. 圆形写作法 即首尾呼应的写作方法。为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常, 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。,【典例】(2018北京卷A) My First Marathon(马拉松) A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead. . . .,Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.,39. What does the story mainly tell us? A. A man owes his success to his family support. B. A winner is one with a great effort of will. C. Failure is the mother of success. D. One is never too old to learn.,【点拨】根据第一段中的Yet, I was determined to go ahead. 和最后一段Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels, I can now call myself a “marathon winner”. 可知, 作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。作者主要表达的内容是“成功者是有坚强意志的人”。故选B。,4. 菱形写作法 即主题句出现在文章的中间。通常前面只提出问题, 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。,【典例】 The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past. The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year, but generally takes place in November or December. It is well attended by tourists, but even better attended by locals.,During the opening ceremonies, after the official greetings from the government leaders, people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands, and white camels transport their riders across the sands. Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship. One following another, groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take,their turn to show off their wo