Economic systems existed in Europe- Economics 4130Feudalism Timing of feudalism1. Firmly established by 800 AD2. Systematic decline after 12503. Rapid decline after 13504. Gone by 1500 ADThree important problems1. Why the rise of feudalism -there are varies approaches2. What was economic system of feudalismwhat problem it had solved?3. Why feudalism decline?Why the rise of feudalism -Three varies approachesThe explanation for rise of feudalism has at least 3 different modals- based on presence or absence of trade1. The 1st approach is the traditional view, adopted by most textbook2. The 2nd approach is North/Thomas modal-based on absence of trade 3. The 3rd approach is Pirenne Viewwhy we have rise of economic of feudalism 1ST APPROACH: THE TRADITIONAL VIEWFeudalism only presents at absence of trade, which spurs self-contained local economy. It assume when there is trade, there can be no feudalism.The development of trade-three different economic systems1) Trade in Western Europe-feudalism 2) Trade through out Mediterranean area and west Europe-this where trade first beganMediterranean areaa. turns out 3000 BCdevelopment of civilizationemerge into powerful economy. Trade through out Mediterranean area. b. around 1500 BCeconomy went awaywhy?big tsunami destroy major citiesc. the collapse of civilization made the center of economics Fenisian start trading with western Europefirst go beyond into AtlanticReasons-(1)*seek something like shellsea snearl?People take these, extract stuff to make substance as purple dye, which used to make clothes for people from upper class or in church. 20,000 shells just make 1 gram. They used up and ran out these creatures. They tried to look for new places that have these. (2)* find the source of tin Deposits of tin can be found in England. Tin was used along with copper to make tools or weapons. Along the trip, they engaged trade with residents along the way.E.g. Cornwall somewhere in England, has plenty deposits of tin(down in Penzance and Penryn). The coastline of Cornwall is extremely rocky (rocks all over the place). This makes the transporting difficult. Eventually, they found the idea place to land somewhere near Penzance. Its a little island(tidal island). When tide in, its an island; when tide out, its not an island, people brought tin and loaded it on ships meanwhile waited for tide. d. The raise of Greece countyMacedonia establish the empire round 300 BC. The empire of Alexander the Great trade with Mediterranean and far-east e. Roman empire took over-expansion of Roman empiref. Huns from Mongoliaconflict with Roman-Roman collapsesWith the decline of Roman Empire, the trade broke down. People in western Europe has to be self-contained. They chose feudalism. Every thing is produced at local level in religion, military or economic. 3) Trade in Far-east area Alexander the Great started to trade. 2ND APPROACH-NORTH/THOMAS Traditional view is correct, the collapse of Roman Empire-controversial view They held different view: focus on why they choose the particular type of feudalism. N/T viewagricultural approach (landlord owns land)-share of input scheme-land is divided into domain and non-domainA various contracts-(1) fixed rent (2) fixed wage (3) share of output (4) share of inputLocus riskTransaction cost： N/T focus only on bargaining cost only (the cost on the agreeing on value and price)Whether there is or no market:1. Presence of market-will be no bargaining cost2. No market-there is bargaining cost for fixed rent, fixed wage or share of output, but no bargaining cost With the collapse of trade, there is small population (very few people) and lots of land that owned by the landlords. What is valuable in production is the labor force. The labor force went to negotiate with the landlords: they voluntarily agreed to take labor dues(劳役) to the landlord, in return, the landlord had to provide them protection and justice.Reason behind this: With Roman Empire collapsing, chaotic period came out. Fighting and lots of people went around. People were afraid, and landlord has military force. Protection has its value.Exact nature of economic of feudalism landlords own the land, land is called landlords manorthey divide the manor into two parts:(1) Landlords domains (2) Non-domainsWorkers will work all of the land. Output of non-domains goes to worker (labor, serfs) and output of domain goes to the landlord. (good year, bad year, doesnt matter)Question: why did they do this? N/D is called the share of input scheme-whole view