名词语法考点剖析考点一 名词词义辨析有些名词在不同的语言环境中有不同的词义。词义辨析题旨在考查学生能否通过对上下文的理解，使用合适的词汇，考查形式主要有以下三种：1一词多义一词多义指某个名词具有两种或两种以上的常见意义，在不同的语言环境中有不同的意义。 orange橘子(汁)；橘黄色 fish鱼；鱼肉chicken小鸡；鸡肉 paper纸；报纸；试卷glass玻璃；玻璃杯 light电灯；光2近义词辨析近义词指某几个名词在意义上比较相近，但使用范围有差别。英语中的近义词比较多，考试中出现频率较高的近义词有以下几组：home, family, house家problem, question, trouble问题 clothing, clothes, dress衣服job, work工作sound, voice, noise声音person, people, human人message, information信息street, road, way路travel, trip, journey旅行competition, game, match比赛 3语境辨词 语境辨词就是运用我们的生活经验、知识积累，根据上下文推测出空格处所要表达的意思，从而选出正确的词语，如我们渴了就需要水(water)、饮料(tea, coffee, juice等)；饿了就需要食物(bread, rice, meat, cake等)；我们寄信需要去post office；取钱需要去bank。 Im thirsty, Mom. Could you give me some water to drink？妈妈，我渴了。你可以给我点水喝吗？1(2018重庆南开中学期中)Lucy, would you like to go to the to watch the newest action movie Operation Red Sea with me?Sure, Id love to and I heard it was really exciting.Acinema BlibraryCpark D.station2(2018江苏镇江润州二模)Spud Webb has influenced me most. His stories give me much to face all kinds of difficulties. Aluck BwealthCdecision D.courage3(2018湖北鄂州梁子湖5月质量监测)David is a sports reporter. He asks for a(n) with the big sports star.Ainstruction Binvention Cinvitation Dinterview4(2018广东珠海九洲中学三模)Its a wise to drink some green tea every day. Its good for our health.Achoice B.supportCmixture D.honor5(2018山东潍坊模拟)To the parents joy, their son made great this term.Aresult BprogressCsuggestion Dpreparation6(2018山东东营广饶模拟)Do you know Chinas famous scientist Pan Jianwei?You mean “the father of quantum(量子之父)”？ Yes, he is the of our country.Apride BprizeCproud Dheart7(2018江苏泰州兴化顾庄学区一模)It is better to travel 10，000 miles than to read 10，000 books, so its important to have real with languages, cultures and societies.Acommunication BexperienceCknowledge Dinfluence8(2018安徽中考)What is the of your excellent spoken English?Practice makes perfect!Aresult B.influenceCduty D.secret9(2018湖北襄阳中考)Mom, Im thirteen now. Can I ride a bike to school?Yes, you can. But you must follow the traffic on the way.Arules Bplans Csafety Daccident10(2018天津中考)Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden Acompetition Binterview Ctreasure Dtradition考点二 名词的数名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词与不可数名词。一、可数名词的复数形式 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，可数名词的复数形式的变化规则如下：二、不可数名词的数1概述：不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有词形变化，这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。2表示方法：不可数名词需要计量时，用“数词或冠词量词of不可数名词”的结构表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数，但of后面的名词只用单数。a cup of tea 一杯茶two bottles of water 两瓶水four pieces of paper 四张纸1(2018山东滨州模拟训练)We need to come up with a/an and make a decision at once.Ainformation BadviceCidea Dnews2(2018山东菏泽单县模拟改编)Our teachers gave us some on how to study well.Aadvice BquestionCsuggestion Dnews3(2018广西玉林中考)Hey, boys. Look at the falling Well, its telling us that autumn is coming.Aleaf Bleafs Cleafes Dleaves4(2018四川遂宁中考)Mom, Im back. Is there anything to eat?Sure. Some in the fridge.Abeef BappleCdumpling Dmilk5(2018新疆中考改编)Hurry up! Some (西红柿) and (鸡蛋) are on sale in the supermarket.考点三 名词所有格名词所有格表示人或物的所有关系，有以下几种形式：1表示有生命的人或动物的名词所有格在单数名词后加“s”构成。Mikes father 迈克的父亲2在以“s”结尾的复数名词之后只加“”。my parents hometown我父母的故乡3表示几个人共同拥有某物时，只在最后一个人名后加“s”；表示各自所有时，则需要在每个人名后都加“s”。Mary and Kates room玛丽和凯特的房间(共有)Janes and Toms books简和汤姆的书(各自所有)4在表示“店铺”“某某家”“诊所”的名词所有格后面，一般省去被修饰的表示地点的名词。at the barbers (shop) 在理发店at the doctors (office) 在医院5表示无生命的事物的名词所有格，通常是由“of名词”构成。the gate of the school学校的大门the center of the city 市中心6表示时间、距离、城市、团体等无生命的名词，也可以在词尾加“s”构成所有格。the future of China/Chinas future 中国的未来the groups name/the name of the group 团体的名字7双重所有格。英语中名词所有格有时可以在前面加of构成的短语，这种结构称为双重所有格。双重所有格有两种形式： of名词所有格； of名词性物主代词a friend of my sisters 我姐姐的一个朋友a dictionary of mine我的一部词典1(2018重庆中考B卷)How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang? Its about two ride by highspeed train.Ahour Bhours Chours Dhours2(2018广西北部湾中考)The woman in a hat is aunt.AJack and John BJackand JohnCJacks and Johns DJack and Johns3(2017甘肃武威中考)“It depends on my decision，” the mother said and looked at her two sons.Achildren Bchildrens Cchild Dchilds4There is a nice picture in the little bedroom. She likes it very much.Agirl BgirlsCgirls Dgirls5 bookcase is this? It must be AWhos; Tom BWhos; TomsCWhose; Toms DWh