被动语态 Passive Voice被动语态的句子是以“be+过去分词” 的形式来表达，如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者，句子后面加by，译为“被/由”I肯定句 主语+be+过去分词1. 人类创造了历史。History is made by people.2.他常常被派做这项工作。He is often _(ask) to do this work.3.这些新车是2007年在北京生产的。（一般过去时）These new car _ _ in Beijing in 20074.如果我们不保护环境，地球有一天会被毁掉。（一般将来时）The earth will _ _ one day if we dont protect the enviroment.5.成都正在修建地铁。（现在进行时:be +being + done）A subway _ _ _ in Chengdu.6.我上个月去了成都，那时候正在修建地铁。（过去进行时）I went to Chengdu last month, a subway _ _ _.7.他已经被送到幼儿园了。（现在完成时）He _ _ _ to the kingder garden.II 否定句： 在be动词后面加not8. 这首歌不被年轻人所喜爱。This song is not liked by young people.9. 罗马不是一天建成的。Rome _ _ _ in a day.11. 这些树木不是他们砍的。These trees _ _ by them. 10. 我的阅读速度因为许多新单词而减缓。My reading is _(slow) down by many new words.III一般疑问句：be动词提前12. 这些电脑是美国制造的吗？Were these computers made in USA?13. 汉语只在中国使用吗？_ Chinese _ only in China?14. 这种是由竹子做成的。This kind of paper _ _ of bamboo.15. 俄罗斯说什么语言？What language _ _ in Rusia?16. 不允许我们乱扔垃圾。We _ _ to drop litter everywhere.Dropping litter _ _ _.17. 他每天给这只猫喂食。The cat _ _ by him every day.18. 他正在给这只猫喂食。The cat _ _ _ by him.19. 哈利波特是由J.K罗琳撰写的。Harry potter _ _ by J. K. Rowling20. 哈利波特被许多读者阅读过。Harry potter _ _ by many readers.IX 主动语态变被动语态:原句中的宾语变成主语+be+过去分词，原主语变成介词by的宾语21 The baughty boys threw the chalk on the floor yesterday.(主动) 主语 谓语 宾语 The chalk was thrown on the floor by the naughty boys yesterday.（被动） 主语 谓语22. They dont use the room. The room _ _ _ by them.23. He will repair the desk. The desk _ _ _ by him. 24. Did Tom use it ? _ it _ by Tom ?25. He wrote the poem last week.26. Many tourists visited Beijing during the Olympics.27. He lent me a bike. A bike _ _ _ me (by him).28.I refused him. He _ _(by me).29. We call him Tim. He _ _ Tim. 30. The city will _ (make) more beautiful.31. She looks after her sister.32.We can chang the water into ice. Water can _ _ into ice.33. You should buy a dictionary. A dictionary _ _ _.34. The teacher told him to go to the office.35. 这件夹克是由棉花做的。This jacket _ _ of cotton.36. 这本书是给孩子们写的。This book _ _ for kids.37. 事物是每个生物的必需品。Food _ _ by every living thing.V 感官动词see, watch, look, hear, listen to, feel 和使役动词make, let 等所接的宾语中，不定式应省去to,但是在被动语态中，to则不能省掉。38. I saw him dance.(主动) He was seen to dance.(被动)39. The boss made them work the whole night.They _ _ _ work the whole night.40. I can watch the actors say the words.初中英语常用不规则动词分类表 为了帮助同学们记住不规则动词，现在把教材中出现的不规则动词分为几个类型，每个类型中又分若干组，尽量找出每组中各词变化形式的共同点，以帮助记忆。 1. A-A-A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形） 动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤 2. A-A-B型（现在式和过去式同形） beat beat beaten 打 3. A-B-A型（现在式和过去分词同形） come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑 4. A -B -B型 （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见 （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花费 （3）其他 pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说 bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 think thought thought 想 sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站 understand understood understood 明白 win won won 得胜 shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光 catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教 feel felt felt 觉得 fight fought fought 战斗 find found found 发现 get got got 得到 hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂 have had had 有 hold held held 盛，握 leave left left 离开 make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见 sell sold sold 卖 shoot shot shot 射击 tell told told 告诉 smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻 sit sat sat 坐 dig dug dug 挖 5. A-B-C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同） （1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给 freeze froze frozen 冻结 take took taken 拿 see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写 ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶 throw threw thrown 抛，扔 blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道 fly flew flown 飞 draw drew drawn 拉，绘画 show showed shown 展示 （2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。 speak spoke spoken 说话 break broke broken 破碎，折断 wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose