,The Canadian Occupational Health and Safety System加拿大职业卫生与安全体系,An Overview概况,Canada Has 14 Jurisdictions加拿大有14个行政辖区,1 Federal一个联邦 10 Provinces and 3 Territories10个省和3个地区,.,Provincial and Territorial Jurisdictions (90% of workers)省级及地方管辖区（90%的工人）: Provincial and territorial employees省级和地方员工 Workers in most industries, including small businesses and self-employed workers在大多数行业中的工人，包括从事小买卖和自主经营者 e.g. construction, manufacturing, textiles, mining 如建筑业、制造业、纺织业和采矿业 Federal Jurisdiction (10% of workers)联邦区划（10%的工人）: Employees of federal government and federal corporations, military联邦政府和联邦公司、军队的员工 Workers in certain national corporations 全国性公司中的工人 e.g. airlines, railways, telecommunications 如航空、铁路和通信业,Internal Responsibility System内部责任体系,Employer and employees: 雇主和雇员 Know their work and the hazards best最清楚其工作和致危因素 Cooperate to implement safety measures共同执行安全措施 Employer manages the workplace safely.雇主安全管理工作场所 Employer must take all reasonable actions to protect the health and safety of workers.雇主必须采取所有合理的行动保护工人的卫生与安全 Employer is accountable for non-compliance.雇主要对不遵守法律的行为负责 Government agencies:政府机构 Legislate, inspect, and enforce (civil, criminal)立法、监督和执法（民法和刑法） Provide preventive services and incentives 提供预防服务和激励措施,Employer Responsibilities雇主职责,Identify workplace hazards prevent & control 确认工作场所致危因素-预防和控制 Implement safe work practices and comply with all regulations执行安全工作实践并遵守所有规章 Develop hazard prevention program and management system制定危害预防方案和管理体系 Provide workplace training and education to workers为工人提供工作场所培训和教育 Support employee participation, such as safety committees支持员工参与，如安全委员会 Train supervisors to ensure they are “competent”培训部门主管以保证他们“称职” Inspect the workplace检查工作场所 Have an accident investigation and reporting system有事故调查和报告体系,Employer Due Diligence雇主的应尽职责,Due diligence is a legal defense in case of accident or injury尽职尽责是在发生事故和工伤时的合法防卫 Evidence that all reasonable precautions were taken to prevent accidents and injuries证明采取一切合理的预防措施阻止事故和伤害的发生。 Steps to demonstrate due diligence:展示尽职尽责的步骤 Show that employer is aware of hazards and acting to control them.表明雇主清楚致危因素并采取行动对其进行控制 Document policies, practices, and procedures.文件政策、实践和程序 Monitor workplace and ensure that employees follow workplace procedures and requirements.监督工作场所并确定所有雇员遵守工作场所程序和要求 Implement good practices used in similar organizations and industries. 执行在相似机构和行业使用的优秀实践。,Workers Rights工人的权利,Right to Participate参与权 Joint Health and Safety Committees 联合卫生与安全委员会 Right to Know知情权 Must be informed about hazards必须告知雇员致危因素 Must be trained on safe work procedures必须对员工进行工作安全程序的培训 Right to Refuse unsafe work对不安全工作的拒绝权 Specific procedures detailed in regulations具体的程序 应该在规章中说明,Workers Responsibilities工人的责任,Work safely according to procedures 根据程序安全地工作 Use safety equipment and personal protective equipment使用安全设备和个人防护设备 Report hazards报告致危因素,History of Health and Safety卫生与安全历史,Ontario Factories Act安大略行业法令 Building Trades Protection Act建筑保护法令 Workmens Compensation Act工人赔偿法令 Industrial Accident Prevention Assoc.工伤预防协会 Construction Safety Association建筑安全协会 Occupational Health and Safety Act职业卫生与安全法令 1978 CCOHS founded 建立职业卫生与安全中心 Workplace Safety and Insurance Board工作场所安全和保险委员会,Health and Safety Organizations卫生和安全组织,Compensation boards (13)赔偿委员会 Insurance保险, treatment待遇, rehabilitation（复职）, prevention预防, education教育 Ministries of Labour (14)劳工部 Legislation, standards, enforcement立法、标准和执法 CCOHS加拿大职业卫生与安全中心 Sectoral and professional safety associations行业和职业安全协会 Prevention, training, consulting预防、培训和咨询 Education and training organizations教育和培训机构 Research institutions 研究院 Independent consultants 独立专家,Workers Insurance in Canada加拿大的工人保险 (Historic Compromise),Employers pay premiums to workers compensation boards (WCBs) based on their injury record 雇主根据其工伤记录向赔偿委员会为工人缴纳保险 Insurance is mandatory 保险是强制的 No-fault insurance无过失保险 workers cannot sue employers工人不能起诉雇主 Boards pay incentives to employers to encourage prevention, training, and other safety programs by employers委员会对雇主进行奖励以鼓励雇主采取预防、培训和其他安全方案,Roles of the Workers Compensation Boards (WCBs)工人赔偿委员会的职责,Provide treatment and rehabilitation提供待遇和复职服务 Pay injured workers while they recover受伤工人在康复过程中要得到赔偿费用 Pay pensions to workers who are permanently disabled向永久残疾的工人支付抚恤金 Fund safety associations (industry sectors)为安全协会(工业行业）出资 Deliver services for prevention and education为预防和教育活动提供服务, Example Construction Safety Association of Ontario安大略建筑安全协会,Established 1929 to serve construction industry1929年成立，为建筑行业服务 Bipartite employers and building trades双方-雇主和建筑工 Funded by WSIB (compensation board)由安全检查委员会（赔偿委员会）出资 About 2% of construction insurance funds ($ 750 million (about $2000 per worker per year) Major functions:主要功能 Education and training 教育和培训 Consulting and technical advice咨询和技术建议 Target companies with high injury rates高工伤率的目标企业 Target new companies瞄准新企业 Research研究,CCOHS加拿大职业卫生与安全中心,Established 1978 as the national centre1978年作为国家中心成立 Mandate宗旨: promote OH&S提升职业卫生与安全 Tripartite (governments, indus