英语语用学教程English Pragmatics: A Coursebook1. Background and definitionsWarming up activityWhat does the boy still need to learn about using language?A little boy comes in the front door.Mother: Wipe your feet, please.He removes his muddy shoes and socks and carefully wipes his clean feet on the doormat.1.1Background of pragmatics1.1 Definitions of pragmaticsPragmatics is the study of how the speaker produces and how the hearer understands the peculiar uses of language. 1.2 Component vs. perspective分相论与综观论 1.2.1 Component view of pragmaticsDavis points out in his book Pragmatics: A Reader(1991) that pragmatics, like phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics, is a component of linguistics.1.2.2 Perspective view of pragmaticsVerschueren(1999) proposes that pragmatics is not a component of linguistics, but a new way of looking at language. Pragmatics is specified as “a general cognitive, social, and cultural perspective on linguistic phenomena in relation to their usage in forms of behavior”(Verschueren,1999)语用学是语言各个方面的功能总览, 即研究人类生活中语言的认知、社会和文化的功能。1.3 Uses of pragmatics(1)It is cold here.(2)Wife: What is in the newspaper?Husband: (putting down the newspaper and switching on the TV )Nothing.(3)Light, please!You can see, two or mor utterances might have the same underlying sentence as their script, but they can have quite different interpretations in context.B.it is cold in here.SP:The temperature in this place is frigid.PP: james, shut the window.There is nothing worth reading in the newspaper.1.4 Aims of pragmatics1.5 scope of Pragmatics1.5.1 Deixis and references1.5.2 presupposition1.5.3 Conversational implicature1.5.4 Relevance theory1.5.5 Speech act theory 1.6.6 Conversation analysisSentence & utteranceA. Mike and Annie are in the living room. Mike asks Annie whether she would like to eat dinner I the living room or the kitchen. Annie replies: it is cold in here. B. The Queen and James are in the drawing room. The window is open. The Queen says: it is cold in here.B. Here are sample analyses.A. It is cold in hereSP: The temperature in this place is frigid.PP: Lets eat in the kitchen.B. It is cold in hereSP: The temperature in this place is frigid.PP: James, shut the window.