How did federal-provincial relations change after Wilfred Laurier became prime minister?,He was a supporter of greater provincial rights while in opposition, and now that it was in power it was less centralist. Laurier chose some very powerful regional politicians to join his cabinet. A more harmonious period of federal-provincial relations began, that included many meetings to discuss concerns.,How did economic developments affect the growth of provincial powers?,Resources were being developed on provincial lands. The provinces were now taking a more prominent role in directing economic activity. Expenditures and debts increased dramatically.,What was “emergency federalism”?,When WWI erupted in Europe, the federal government had to coordinate the war effort. This fell under the “peace, order and good government” clause (residual power). Therefore, the federal government could disregard provincial powers.,What problems appeared in the Federal system in the 20s and 30s? How did the government deal with these problems?,Prosperity was not evenly spread throughout all sectors of th4e Canadian economy in the 1920s. B.C., Ontario and Quebec were well off, while the West and the Maritimes were in economic trouble. When the Depression hit, conditions worsened. Many people were poor and had no jobs. Provincial governments began to issue relief payments, but the money soon ran out. The federal govt. was forced to bail them out. In 1935, R.B. Bennett, the Prime Minister, set a minimum wage, created unemployment insurance and set up marketing boards for farm products. They were later overturned.,Why was the Rowell-Sirois Commission appointed? What recommendations did it make? What was the response from the provinces?,The Rowell-Sirois Commission was appointed to investigate the crisis in federal-provincial relations. It recommended the following: The federal government should become responsible for unemployment insurance. All direct taxes should be collected by Ottawa. Existing provincial debts should be assumed by Ottawa. A new system of grants should be established for the poorer provinces. The poorer provinces approved, while the wealthy claimed that they were being taken advantage of. The conference broke after three days.,What is meant by Survivance, the Quiet Revolution, Maitre Chez Nous, Rattrapage, and Quebecois? What do these terms reveal about Quebec in the 60s?,In 1960, a new government came to power, led by Liberal Jean Lesage. This signaled a tremendous change in society. Survivance Struggling for the survival of the French language, religion and way of life. Many questioned whether survivance could be best achieved through separation. Quiet Revolution “Things must change.” Quebec Liberals They changed policies to reflect the needs of the French culture. The also wanted to “modernize” their institutions.,Maitres Chez Nous Quebec wanted to become self-sufficient. They wanted to move away from the traditional, rural society they had always been into an era of development and responsibility. Rattrapage Quebec needed to “catch up” to the rest of Canada and the world in terms of economy, culture and technology. They transferred education from secular to public control and modernized the curriculum. Quebecois This term, rather than canadien signified that the Quebec population viewed themselves as an independent group or a separate community.,Describe the attempts made by Ottawa to accommodate Quebec.,1969 Pierre Trudeau passes the Official Languages Act equal access to government services for both French and English speaking citizens throughout the country.,Why was the PQ elected?,While Bourassa led Quebec, a number of changes occurred that dissatisfied voters. Many immigrants to Quebec were choosing English schools. A rapid rise in oil prices cause a higher cost of living and unemployment. There was also corruption in Hydro-Quebecs James Bay development. Bourassas government was held responsible. The PQ promised to provide honest and good government.,What is sovereignty-association?,It was not quite separation. If this option was pursued, Canada and Quebec would have share four institutions a supreme court, a joint Parliament, a joint banking and monetary system, and a standing commission of inquiry to deal with grievances between the two countries. In matters of taxes and foreign trade, each country would make its own decisions.,What has caused western alienation from central Canada?,Dissatisfaction has come from several sources Economic Political Social,Western Alienation,For example Manitoba did not control its public lands until 1930. people were upset about the monopoly given to the CPR by the Macdonald government. The western provinces were using their resources for financial gain, and the federal government was upset; The federal government devised export taxes so that the provincial governments were forced to “share the wealth” of natural resources. Eg. The National Energy