These patterns are important because many ecosystem services require landscape scale policy interventions, yet policies traditionally target only individual farmers (thus delivering field scale or farm scale interventions). These patterns are also important because they provide a proxy indicator for (the strength of) existing neighbourhood networks, through which policies can be communicated more effectively and farmers can be enticed to join more quickly (thus making the policy more efficient). Case study application identifies spatio-temporal patterns of uptake in different parts of Scotland. Much stronger patterns are found in mountainous areas and on small islands, which is consistent with the expectation of stronger communities of place and neighbourhood networks in more remote places.103 Technology-based design and scaling for RTGs for space exploration in the 100 W range Original Research ArticleActa Astronautica, Volume 68, Issues 7-8, April-May 2011, Pages 873-882Leopold Summerer, Jean Pierre Roux, Alexey Pustovalov, Viacheslav Gusev, Nikolai RybkinClose preview | Related articles | Related reference work articles Abstract | Figures/Tables | References AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study on design considerations for a 100 W radioisotope thermo-electric generator (RTG). Special emphasis has been put on designing a modular, multi-purpose system with high overall TRL levels and making full use of the extensive Russian heritage in the design of radioisotope power systems. The modular approach allowed insight into the scaling of such RTGs covering the electric power range from 50 to 200 We (EoL). The retained concept is based on a modular thermal block structure, a radiative inner-RTG heat transfer and using a two-stage thermo-electric conversion system.Purchase$ 31.50Article Outline1. Introduction 1.1. Scope and objectives2. Methodology 2.1. Administrative and legal design requirements2.2. Safety design requirements2.3. Physical design requirements3. Physical design choices 3.1. Radioisotope selection3.2. Choice of PuO24. Technical design choices 4.1. Radioisotope fuel considerations4.2. Modular approach4.3. He-vented RHS4.4. Choice of structural material for RHS shells4.5. RHU design4.6. Thermal to electric conversion system4.7. Thermal insulation4.8. RTG outer casing choices4.9. Correlation of RHU and TEC structures within the RTG4.10. Final RTG-100 W design4.11. RTG scaling5. ConclusionsReferences104 Semantic-based information retrieval in support of concept design Original Research ArticleAdvanced Engineering Informatics, Volume 25, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 131-146Rossitza Setchi, Qiao Tang, Ivan StankovPurchase$ 39.95 Close preview | Related articles | Related reference work articles Abstract | Figures/Tables | References AbstractThis research is motivated by the realisation that semantic technology can be used to develop computational tools in support of designers creativity by focusing on the inspirational stage of design. The paper describes a semantic-based image retrieval tool developed for the needs of concept cars designers from two renowned European companies. It is created to help them find and interpret sources of inspiration. The core innovation of the tool is its ability to provide a degree of diversity, ambiguity and uncertainty in the information gathering and idea generation process. The tool is based on the assumption that there is a semantic link between the images in a web page and the text around them. Furthermore, it uses the idea that the more frequently a term occurs in a document and the fewer documents it occurs in, the more representative this term is of that document. The new contribution is linking the most meaningful words in a document with ontological concepts, and then finding the most powerful set of concepts representing that document and consequently the images in it. This is based on the observation that monosemic words (with a single meaning) are more domain-oriented than polysemic ones (that have multiple meanings), and provide a greater amount of domain information. The tool tags images by first processing all significant words in the text around them, extracting all keywords and key phrases in it, ranking them according to their significance, and linking them to ontological concepts. It generates a set of concept numbers for each text, which is then used to retrieve information in a process called semantic expansion, where a keyword query is also processed semantically. The proposed approach is illustrated with examples using the tool developed for the needs of Stile Bertone and Fiat, Italy, two of the industrial partners in the TRENDS project sponsored by the European Community.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Information requirements of concept designers3. State-of-the-art review 3.1. Content-based image retrieval3.2. Text-based image retrieval4. Semantic-based image retrieval 4.1. Algorithm4.2. Ontol