2009 CLTA-GNY Conference at Seton Hall University May 16, 2009 Chinese Is Fun For Everyone 輕鬆有趣學中文,Marisa Fang Chinese Teacher, Parkway Elementary School Plainview-Old Bethpage Central School District Email: mlfangpob.k12.ny.us,5 Ws,Who? 教誰？ What? 教什麼？ How? 怎麼教？ When? 何時教？ Where? 在哪兒教？,3,了解幼兒的學習特性 Understanding the Learning Style of Young Learners,說話速度慢 slow speech 詞句簡短 short phrases and sentences 模仿重覆 imitation and repetition 頻繁使用手勢，表情和肢體動作 frequent gestures, visual and body movements 具體實例幫助理解 concrete examples 需要鷹架輔助語言學習 scaffolding,Multiple Intelligences 多元智能的開發 哈佛大學 Howard Gardner 教授,Theory: I want my children to understand the world, but not just because the world is fascinating and the human mind is curious. I want them to understand it so that they will be positioned to make it a better place. We need to understand if we are to avoid past mistakes and move in productive directions. An important part of that understanding is knowing who we are and what we can do. (Howard Gardner 1999: 180-181),理論內容: 加德納認為過去對智力的定義過於狹窄，未能正確反映一個人的 真實能力。他認為，人的智力應該是一個量度他的解題能力 (ability to solve problems)的指標。,5,幼兒的多元智能 Multiple Intelligences,哈佛大學 Howard Gardner 教授1983 提出 人類的智能是多元化而非單一的 1. 語言智能 Linguistic (word smart) 2. 邏輯數學智能 Logical-mathematical (number/reasoning smart ) 3. 空間智能 Spatial (picture smart) 4. 肢體動覺智能 Bodily-Kinesthetic (body smart) 5. 音樂智能 Musical (music smart) 6. 人際智能 Interpersonal (people smart) 7. 内省智能 Interpersonal (self smart) 8. 自然觀察智能 Naturalist (nature smart),五大C 學習目標 5Cs Goals 全美外語教師學會制定 Standards by ACTFL,Communication 有效溝通 聽說讀 + 中打具體無礙表達及溝通 Cultures 文化認知 瞭解中國歷史文化及節慶習俗 Connections 橫向貫連 中英電腦通，串連做整體化學習 Comparisons 差異比較 發揮語言優勢融入主流、互補互通 Communities 廣泛運用 走入生活、學以致用、用以固學,溝通三種模式 3 Modes in Communication,認知,理解 (單向) Interpretive 溝通,交流 （雙向) Interpersonal 學習成果展示或表演 Presentational,TPR Total Physical Response (Asher,2000) 完全肢体反应教学法(1),1. Give a command while modeling the action. a. start with actions using the body b. give commands involving objects c. use commands relating to pictures, maps, and charts, etc. 2. After several repetitions of the command, remove the teacher model. If students can respond without the model, give the command a few more times. Mix up single commands and give them in a different order. 3. After students respond confidently to a number of single commands, combine them in original and unexpected ways. Surprise and humor are key elements of TPR.,1、 示范行动，发出指令 A. 发出身体指令 B. 发出物体指令 C. 发出有关图片、 地图和其他图表的指令重复指令几次后不再示范。 2. 如果学生能在没有示范的情形下做出反应，再多发次指令。打乱发令次序，将各指令混合起来发令。 3. 学生对一系列指令做出积极反应后，用出乎意外的方式将它们组合起来发令。TPR的关键因素是制造惊喜和幽默。,TPR Total Physical Response (Asher,2000) 完全肢体反应教学法(2),4. Call on volunteers to respond to commands of increasing length and complexity (often silly), using familiar language in new combinations. 5. String commands together to tell a story or create a sequence that has a beginning, middle, and end. 6. Give student volunteers the opportunity to give commands to the rest of the class (role reversal). 7. Extend oral TPR activities into experiences with reading and/or writing.,使用熟悉语言新组合，增加指令长度和复杂度，让志愿者做出（通常傻乎乎的）回复。 将指令串讲讲故事或创造一个有 开头、 中间和结尾的片断。 6. 给志愿学生一个机会为全班同学发指令（角色反串）。 7. 使用读和/或写将口头TPR活动延伸为经验。,自然教學法 Natual Approach,Stephen Krashen and Tracy Terrell developed the Natural Approach in the early eighties (Krashen and Terrell, 1983). 80年代 Objectives： 目標 it is designed to help beginner become intermediates 把語言能力從初級提升至中級 It is designed to depend on learner needs 因材施教 The Natural Approach VS. TPR (Asher) 全能肢體教學法（Wait period 沉默期 Relaxed during learning process 輕鬆無壓力的學習環境) Language acquisition 語言經由習得而來 (i + 1) 學習比自身能力稍難之物，效果最佳 Comprehensive Input: presented in the target language, using techniques such as TPR, mime and gesture 使用目的語，穿插，模仿及動作,自然教學法提問順序 Natural Approach Questioning Sequence- (Stephen Krashen),Natural pproach Steps Step 1: Student responds with a name Step 2: Yes-no question Step 3: Either-or questions, using nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or actions Step 4: What, when, where, who questions (Students answer with a single word, moving toward a phrase answer.) Step 5: Students answer with the entire sentence or action.,自然教学步骤 第1步：学生以名字回答 第2步：是-非问句 第3步：是-还是问句，使用名词、动词、 形容词、副词或行动 第4步：什么、何时、 哪里、 谁问句 （学生以单一单词回答，逐渐进步 为片语。) 第5步：学生以完整句子或行动回答,自然教學法提問順序 Natural Approach Questioning Sequence- (Stephen Krashen),Who has a red shirt? Who is holding the rock? Is Chen Ling wearing a red shirt? Is Betty holding the rock? Is Chen Ling wearing a red shirt or a blue shirt? Is Betty holding the rock or the flower? Is the rock big or small? Does the monkey feel happy or sad? What is Chen Ling wearing? What is Betty holding? What kind of rock is this? How does the monkey feel? What is Betty doing? Tell us about this rock.,谁有红衬衫？(1) 谁拿着石头？(1) 陈铃穿着红衬衫吗？(2) 贝蒂拿着石头吗？ (2) 陈铃穿着红衬衫还是兰衬衫？(2) 贝蒂拿着石头还是花？ (3) 石头大还是小？ (3) 猴子快乐还是难过？（3) 陈铃穿着什么？ (4) 贝蒂拿着什么？ (4) 这是什么样的石头？ (4) 猴子觉得怎么样？ (4) 贝蒂在做什么？ (4) 告诉我们 - 这个石头有什么特别的地方。(5),關氏連句法 Gouin Series,* introduction to set the scene and mo