Image & Symbol,Image 意象,- The representation of sense experience through figurative language.,One image is frequently the result of the cooperation of the several senses. Visual - Pertaining to sight Olfactory - Pertaining to smell Tactile - Pertaining to touch Auditory - Pertaining to hearing Gustatory - Pertaining to taste,Eg: Spring Visual sense - Green grass & trees Auditory sense - Twittering birds & whispering brooks Olfactory sense - Sweet flowers & fresh air,Gustatory sense - Delicious fruits & vegetables available in spring Tactile sense - Supple branches & twigs Kinesthetic sense - Fluttering movement of butterflies in the air,Image - the soul Of Language - the body Poetry,Imagery,- A meaningful whole formed by all the images in a poem. Functions: Creating the atmosphere; Providing an internal pattern; Focusing the theme of the poem., Creating the atmosphere Eg: Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,As if some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. “Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door - Only this, and nothing more.” - The first stanza in Poes “The Raven”,A dreary midnight; A weary young man by himself; reading some unusual ancient book of legendary happenings; in drowsiness; Tapping at the door. Setting up a Gothic atmosphere., Providing an internal poem. Eg: “Because I could not stop for Death - He kindly stopped for me - The Carriage held but just Ourselves - And Immortality.,We slowly drove - He knew no haste And I had put away My labor and my leisure too, For His Civility -,We passed the School, where Children strove At Recess - in the Ring - We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain - We passed the Setting Sun -,Or rather - He passed Us - The Dews drew quivering and chill - For only Gossamer, my Gown - My Tippet - only Tulle -,We paused before a House that seemed A swelling of the Ground - The Roof was scarcely visible - The Cornice - in the Ground -,Since then - tis Centuries - and yet Feels shorter than the Day I first surmised the Horses Heads Were toward Eternity -”,The image of death, personified by capitalization driving a carriage Foretelling the poem - a “journey poem” Pre-orientating the interpretation of,“the School” “Children” “the Setting Sun” “Swelling of the Ground”,The images governed by the image of “Death”. Constitute the internal pattern of the poem. Largely determine the interpretation of the whole poem., Focusing the theme of the poem. Eg: The Road Not Taken (Robert Frost) Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;,Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that, the passing there Has worn them really about the same.,And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.,I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I - I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.,The image of the roads brings the theme of the poem into focus. “Road” - Life Choice,2. Symbol 象征 - A special kind of image, for it exceeds the image in the richness of its connotations.,IMAGERY: Language that appeals to the senses. Descriptions of people or objects stated in terms of our senses. Imagery is when a writer uses the senses to make pictures in the readers mind.,The fundamental difference between an image and a symbol is that an image actually resembles what it represents. A symbol, however, neither resembles nor is causally connected with what it represents.,Images are non-arbitrary shapes, the shape of an image is a replica of the actual object. Alternativley symbols are arbitrary shapes to which we give meaning. For example the symbol - DOG - does in no way resemble a four legged animal which barks!,However the way symbols are interpreted is heavily dependent upon context, environment, culture etc. No symbol has a fixed or inherent meaning. For example PLAIN has a differentr meaning depending on the context it is in - i.e. THE FOOD TASTES VERY PLAIN and THE SUN SHONE ON THE DESERTED PLAIN.,To English people the symbol CHAT means to talk, whereas the French take it to mean what we call a cat.,意象运用：透过具体可见的形象，以传达幽微、复杂、不可见的感觉经验。类似意象的重复出现，往往会凝塑出象征和暗示的效果。（如张爱玲小说中的日、月和镜子；白先勇永远的尹雪艳中的白色意象；锺阿城棋王中棋的意象；朱玖辉三十三岁的多余周末和吊娃娃机的光荣中各类的数字意象等）。,楼下那口听话的钟，开始响起用膳的信号。钟声传来，一家之主把他的双手插进缀有铜扣的蓝色大衣后面的大口袋里，不等钟声再响，便独自大步走下楼梯，回头对