,定语从句和同位语从句是高中学生较难掌握的一个语法点，笔者试从以下几点谈谈它们的区别与联系。 一被修饰或被说明的词 1定语从句中被修饰的是名词或代词；而同位语从句的被说明的词只能是名词，而且一般是下列名词，hope,answer,fact,belief, News,idea,information,order,conclusion,suggestion,plan, Truth,thought,doubt,promise,feeling等名词例如： (1)This is the boy who we are looking for yesterday. (2)He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. (3)His failure was due to the fact that he had not practise for a long time. (4)She told us her hope that she would become a Pianist. 在例（1）中，who引导的是一个定语从句，boy是先行词,但它不能作为同位语从句中被修饰的词,在例（2）中，he 是先行词，who 引导的是定语从句，he 不可 作为同位语从句中被修饰的词 在例（3）中，that 引导的是同位语从句。 同样例（4）that 引导的也是同位语从句 2When,where,why 如果引导的是定语从句的话，那么它们的先行词分别是表示时间，地点，和原因的名词；而如果三者引导同位语从句的话那么被修饰的词,肯定不是表示时间，地点和原因的名词例如： (1) Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao? (2) I had no idea when you were here. 在例（1）中，when引导的是一个定语从句，先行词days是表示时间的词;在例（2）中，when 引导的是一个同位语从句，被修饰的词是idea，不表示时间,二引导词 1that 既可以引导定语从句，又可以引导同位语从句引导同位语从句时，连接词that 本身无词义，在同位语从句中也不充当任何成分，但不可以省略，也不可以用其他的词来代替；引导定语从句时，关系代词that 在从句中做一个成分，作宾语时也可以省略例如： (1).The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. (2).The news (that/ which)we heard on the radio was not true . 在例（1）中，that 引导的是同位语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，也不可以用其他词代替，且不可省略 在例（2）中，that 是定语从句，在从句中作heard的宾语，也可以省略，还可以用which 来代替,2When ,where，why 既可以引导同位语从句，也可以引导定语从句它们引导同位语从句时，只起连接作用，没有指代作用；它们引导定语从句时，具有指代先行词的作用，在从句中作状语，可以转换成“介词关系代词”的形式例如 （1）Ill never forget the day when I passed the National College Entrance Exanmination. (2) He had no idea when she left. (3)1995 was the year when he was born. (4)This is the village where he grew up. 在例（1）中，when 引导的是定语从句，可以转换“on which” 在例（2）中，when引导的是同位语从句，when在从句中状语，但不能转换成“介词关系代词” 在例（3）中，when引导的是定语从句，when可以转换成in which在例（4）中，where引导的是定语从句，where可以转换成in which,三性质 这是两种从句的本质的不同所在定语从句是形容词性的，它的功能是修饰先行词，描述它的性质或特征同位语从句是名词性的，它的功能是对所说明的词语作进一步的补充性的解释试比较： The news that we heard spread all over the school campus.(定语从句） The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the school campus.（同位语从句）,Exercises:,1.Theres a feeling in me_well never know what a UFO isnot ever.（ 02上海） A.that B.which C.of which D.what.,答案解析：that well never know what a UFO is not ever作a feeling的同位语，解释a feeling 的具体内容的。that 在从句中不做任何成分。,2.Is this the hospital _he worked ten years ago? A.that B.where C.which D.the one,答案解析:此处是where引导的定语从句,先行词the hospital 是表示地点的,所以用关系副词where引导,并且在定语从句中作地点状语.,3. A story goes _Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen.(04上海) A.when Bwhich C.what D.that,答案解析:that引导的是同位语从句,和story构成同位关系.在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,也不能省略.,4.His success was because of _he had been working hard. A.that B.the fact which C.the fact that D.the fact,答案解析: the fact 作because of 的宾语,that 引导的是同位语从句.用来说明fact 的具体内容.不在从句中作任何成分,也不能省略.,5.Tom came to the conclusion_by a computer. A.that not all things can be done. B.because of not all things be done. C.being not all things can be done D.because not all things can be done,答案解析: conclusion 后面应跟一个由that 引导的同位语从句,故选择项A 为答案项.,6.We are living in an age _many things are done on computer. (03春招） A.which B.that. C.whose D.when,7.I work in a business_almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.(04湖南） A.how B.which C.where D.that,答案解析:定语从句不能用how引导,且从句的主谓宾成分完整,故可排除B和D选项.,GOOD-BYE,Thank You,