Leaning about Language,Discovering useful words and expressions,Complete the sentences with words below.,1.,The majority of Australians are _ from many different _. In fact, the only _ whose ancestors have lived here for more than 200 hundred years are _ people. Most Australians believe that having people from so many different _ creates _ and _ and makes Australia a stronger _ and a more interesting place to live.,backgrounds nation citizens tolerance Aboriginal homelands migrants respect,citizens / migrants,Aboriginal,citizens,nations / backgrounds,respect,nations / backgrounds/ homelands,tolerance,nation,2.,Read the paragraph below, paying particular attention to the underlined words, some of which may be new to you. Try to work out the definitions of these words and write them down in the second column. Then check your answer using an English-English dictionary and write the dictionary definitions in the third column.,The first migrants arrived in Australia after a long voyage on small sailing ships. Life was very tough at first because they did not have adequate equipment or food. One of the first things they did was to dig the soil,and sow vegetable seeds. However, it wasnt easy to grow enough food for everyone and in the first few years they faced starvation. Despite all the hardships of those early years, many of the migrants succeeded in building a good life for themselves. In the early days, There were not nearly as many women migrants as there were males, so many of the men remained bachelors. Many dreamed of having a wife who would share their life,and work alongside them as they built houses and established farms. Within a reasonably short time some had established large sheep farms and began to export meat and wool back to England. We know a lot about these early years of European settlement because most migrants corresponded with their families at home and many of their letters still survive. These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.,You will find it easier to learn English words in clusters. Read aloud the following words and write down as many words related to them as possible. Compare your lists with a partner.,3.,Example: rain, rainbow, rainfall, rainy, raindrop, raincoat, rainforest, rainwater,rain tax home rust time night autonomy defend tolerate celebrate nation city birth associate reserve way,tax: taxation, taxed, taxable, taxman, taxpayer home: homework, homely, homeland, homeless, homemaker, homecoming, homesick rust: rusty, rustproof time: timely, timing, timekeeper, timer, timepiece, timesaving, timetable, timeless,night: nightly, nighttime, goodnight, nightclothes, nightclub, nightfall autonomy: autonomous, autonomously defend: defense, defender, defenseless, defendant, defensive, defensible tolerate: tolerance, tolerant, toleration, tolerantly, tolerable, tolerably, tolerability nation: national, nationality, nationalize, nationally, nationalist, nationwide,city: citizen, citizenship, citywide, cityscape birth: birthplace, birthdate, birthday, birthplace, birthmark, birthright associate: association, associative, associated reserve: reservation, reserved way: pathway, roadway, waylay, wayside, wayworn,Leaning about Language,Discovering useful structures,Read through this paragraph and underline all the predicative.,1.,A kangaroo kept getting out of his enclosure at the zoo. Knowing that he was a good jumper, the zoo authorities increased the height of the fence around him, but, the next morning, the kangaroo was out of his enclosure again. So the keepers solution was to build an even higher barrier. However, the next morning, the result,was disappointing- the kangaroo was not in his enclosure. The authorities, being desperate, increased the height of the fence again and again and it was soon over forty meters high. A camel in the next enclosure asked the kangaroo, “How high do you think theyll go?” The kangaroo said, “ Thats a good question. It seems to me, theyll just keep going higher until somebody remembers to shut the gate at night!”,Underline the predicative in this conversation and then practice it with a partner.,2.,KIM: The meat seems to be shrinking! SAM: Maybe theres too much fat in it. KIM: What can I do? SAM: Its probably the wrong kind of meat for a barbecue. The best thing is to cook it slowly.,KIM: You know, it smells strange too. SAM: Is it rotten? Lets smell. Hey! This isnt steak! KIM: So, what is it? SAM: Where did you get it? KIM: It was in the bottom of the fridge. SAM: Oh, no! Thats the dogs meat! SAM: Are you sure?,Exercise in the Workbook,Use clues to solve the crossword.,1.,4 an unmarried male 5 (preposition) through 7 a country with its own government, tradition, etc 10 relationship of air, water, land, animals and plants 11