专题六 动词和动词短语,一、动词分类一览表,二、动词短语 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。 动词短语构成一览表：,动词和动词短语是历年高考单项填空考查的核心。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或动词短语来考查考生在具体语境中对其的理解和实际运用能力。,【考点一】考查助动词的用法 助动词有be (am, is, are, was, were, been), have(has, had), do(does, did), will(would), shall(should)。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。 （1）助动词be (am, is, are, were, been)的用法,（2）助动词have (has, had)的用法,（ 3）助动词do(does, did) 的用法,【考点二】常考的变化类系动词辨析,【考点三】考查主动形式表被动意义的用法 （1）need, want, require(要求，需要), deserve(应得，值得), be worth(值得)，后面接doing主动形式表被动意义。 The book is worth reading. These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).,（2）不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do.（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系） 比较：I have a letter to be typed. （3）不定式作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时(主语+系动词+形容词+不定式)，如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义时(difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive,etc.)，不定式用主动表被动。 The question is difficult to answer. The work is easy to do.(=Its easy to do the work.) （4）有些动词(短语)只有主动形式，常视为主动表被动。 take place, happen, break out等。 A big fire happened/took place/broke out last night. 一些动词,如:sell(销售), wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮), write(写)等与副词,如:well(好), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用，描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是：主语+动词+副词。,The book sells well. These clothes wash easily. The pen writes well. Nylon cleans easily. 【考点四】考查易混短语的用法 动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨析及不同短语的辨析。 1. AGREE短语 sb. agree with sb.某人同意某人的话/意见 sth. agree with sb. 某物/某事适应某人 agree to the plan/decision/arrangement 同意计划/决定/安排 agree on sth. 就达成共识 agree to do sth. 同意干某事 2. BREAK短语 break away (from)（与）脱离；改掉（习惯） break down（身体）垮掉；（计划、谈判）失败；（汽车）抛锚；分解（强调化学变化）,break in/into 闯入 break off折断；断绝 break out （fire, disease, war, etc.）突发，爆发（火灾，疾病，战争等） break up 打碎；分裂；分解(强调化学变化) 3. BRING短语 bring about 引起，造成；实现 bring back 拿回；使回忆起来 bring down 使倒下；降低 bring in挣得；介绍引进 bring on 引起, 导致 bring out 揭示，揭露 bring .to light 揭露； 使了解到 bring up 抚养；呕吐 4. CALL短语 call at+sp.拜访某地 call on/upon +sb. 访问，拜访某人 call for 要求；需要,call in 召集；请来 call off取消 call up打电话；令人想起 5. CARRY短语 carry on 进行；进行下去 carry out贯彻，执行 carry through 顺利完成，顺利实现 6. COME短语 come about 发生；造成 come across偶遇 come along 加油，快点；进展，进行 come into effect(force)生效 come into being 形成；产生 come into power开始执政 come on 快点 come out 出来；出版；结果,come around/round 恢复知觉；绕道而来 come to oneself 苏醒过来 come up 靠近；被提到；发生 come up with 提出（主意，计划等） 7. CUT短语 cut down 砍倒；削减 cut in （on）插嘴；插入 cut off 切断； 断绝 cut through 抄近路走过； 刺穿 cut up 切碎 8. GET短语 get along/on(with) 融洽相处；进展 get away 离开 get down 击落；记下 get down to 开始认真考虑 get in到达；收获 get off 下车；脱下,get out 出去，离开；泄露 get over克服 get through 接通电话；用完；做完；通过 get up 起床 9. GIVE短语 give away泄露；出卖 give in让步，投降；交上 give off 发出(蒸汽、液体、雾等) give out 分发；发出(气味、热等)；用尽，精疲力竭 give up 放弃(念头、希望等) 10. GO短语 go against 反对； 违反； 不利于 go by (从旁)走过；顺便走访 go down下降 go in for 参加；爱好,go off 离开；爆炸 go over (对进行)仔细检查；润色；复习 go through仔细检查；经历，经受；被通过 go with伴随；与相配 11. KEEP短语 keep an eye on 注意；监视 keep away from 不让接近 keep back阻止；隐瞒 keep down 镇压；保留 keep in mind 记住 keep in touch with与保持联系 keep on 继续 keep to 遵循；坚持 keep .to oneself 对守口如瓶 keep up with跟上；不落后 12. LOOK短语 look after 照顾，照看,look ahead 向前看；着眼未来 look back 回头看；回顾 look around 四处看 look down upon 看不起；轻视 look out 小心；当心 look on 旁观；观望 look into 调查 look through 浏览；翻阅；仔细查看 look up 查寻；向上看 13. PUT短语 put away 放好；储存 put down写下；镇压 put forward 提出；推举 put off 推迟 put on 穿上 put out 扑灭,put up 举起；投宿；张贴 put up with忍受；容忍 14. SET短语 set about 开始，着手（后接名词、代词和动名词） set out 出发；开始；陈列 set to 起劲地干起来；毅然开始做 set aside 留出；不顾；撤销； 驳回 set off (for) 出发,动身；使爆炸；引起；衬托 set up 设立；竖立,架起；立业 15. TAKE短语 take after （在外貌或行为方面）酷似 take along 随身带着 take away 取走 take back收回 take in吸收；理解；欺骗 take off脱衣；起飞；广泛使用，大受欢迎 take on 呈现；开始雇佣；从事 take over 接收，接管 take up占据；开始从事；继续,16. TURN短语 turn away 把打发走；不让进入 turn down调低；拒绝 turn into 进入；(使)变成(主要指物质形态、性质等的转变) turn off 关掉 turn on 开启 turn out 关掉；证实；结果是；生产 turn over 翻过来 turn to转向；求助于 turn up 调高；找到，发现；出现,1. The workers _ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”.(2010全国) A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed 解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：工人们把玻璃制品包装好，并给每个箱子做上“此面向上”的标记。carry搬运；deliver递送；press按，压；pack给打包。 2. My mother opened the drawer to _ the knives and spoons.(2010全国) A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together 解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我妈妈打开抽屉把刀子和勺子放好。put away把放好，收拾起来；put up举起;搭建;张贴;挂起；put on穿;戴上；put together把放在一起。 3. No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone _ you wishing they were that high.(2010安徽) A. getting rid of B. getting along with C. looking up to D. looking down upon,解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：不管你认为自己多么不好，总会有人崇拜你，并希望能像你那样。get rid of摆脱；去除；get along with与相处；look up to尊敬；敬仰；look down upon看不起；轻视。 4. How did you like Nicks performance last night? To be honest, his singing didnt _ to me much.(2010安徽) A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur 解析：选A。考查固定短语的用法。答语句意为：说实话，他的演唱并不怎么吸引我。appeal to吸引；belong to属于；ref