第14讲 七大实用解题技巧(一),完形填空通常首句不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。英语中首句通常是文章的主题句，把握了主旨句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。,. 技巧一：首句信息,例1：(2011广东卷) It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The _1_ is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by _2_ situation that has designed for the _3_ children. 1. A. principle B. theory C. argument D. classification 2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living 3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average,例2：(2011北京卷) I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didnt like attention drawn to myself. And _36_ otherwise assigned(指定)a seat by the teacher, I always _37_ to sit at the back of the classroom. 36. A. as B. until C. unless D. though 37. A. hoped B. agreed C. meant D. chose,完形填空主要考查学生对语境的理解。所以学生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有暗示。这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。 一般来说，完形填空的4个选项形式完全相同，如都是动词原形、副词、名词复数形式等。所以要注意他们之间在意义上和搭配上的细微差异，形义兼顾。同时，一定要把这些选项放到特定的语境里进行区分、判断，从而选出正确答案。,. 技巧二：暗示信息,例1：(2011广东卷) It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes I observed a number of _6_ children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a _7_ class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgement, In regular class, having no worry about keeping up 6. A. intelligent B. competent C. ordinary D. independent 7. A. separate B. regular C. new D. boring,例2：(2011湖北卷) In her second grade, Maja _31_ her cousin, Jasmina. After Jasminas death, Maja swore 31. A. lost B. visited C. rescued D. left,语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为“语篇标志”。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有thus, therefore, so等；表示改变话题的语篇标志语有by the way等；表示递进关系的语篇标志语有besides, whats more, further等；表示时间关系的语篇标志语有before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later等；表示转折关系的有but, while, on the other hand, although等。,. 技巧三：逻辑关系,在做完形填空时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。,. 技巧三：逻辑关系,例1：(2011湖北卷) but because it didnt fit well, walking for Maja was painful. _40_， she managed to graduate from a local high school. 40. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Besides D. However,例2：(2011陕西卷) He was still travelling quickly, but his wagons, _43_ the gold and valuables they had been carrying, were now full of farming tools and bags of _45_. He was rushing back to help them out of poverty. 43. A. except B. instead of C. apart from D. along with 45. A. food B. jewels C. money D. seeds,完形填空试题中，某一词语常常重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。在阅读文章过程中，有时也会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。因此要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息合理地推测判断，选出正确答案。,. 技巧四：原词复现,(2011江苏卷) _39_ as high as he could, but even at his tallest _40_ he was unable to touch it. at the top of each jump stretching his arms to 39. A. expanding B. stretching C. swinging D. pulling 40. A. strength B. length C. range D. height,