语法专题十二 名词性从句,-2-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,-3-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点二 主语从句 1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。it作形式主语后接that引导的主语从句时,that不可以省略。what引导的主语从句不能用it作形式主语代替。 (2015北京)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 我们理解事物的方式与我们的感受有很大关系。 (2014大纲全国)Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565. 马铃薯具体是在什么时候被引入欧洲的并不确定,但有可能是在1565年左右。,-4-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,(2013北京)What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 使这本书非同寻常的是这位作家创造性的想象力。 That she will succeed is certain.It is certain that she will succeed. 她肯定会成功。,-5-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,2.it作形式主语的常见句型 (1)It is+名词(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise等)+从句。 It is no surprise that we will win the match. (2)It is+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,funny,possible,likely,certain等)+从句。 It is certain that he will come. (3)It is+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced等)+从句。 It is said that Mr.Smith has arrived.,-6-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点三 宾语从句 1.动词和介词后面都可以跟宾语从句。大多数动词(hope,tell,say等)后可以跟宾语从句。介词后只能跟wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。 (2015重庆)We must find out when Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him. 我们必须弄明白卡尔会在什么时候到来,这样我们就可以为他订房间了。 (2014福建)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing what youre afraid to do. 振作起来。勇气就是去做你害怕做的事。,-7-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,(2013山东)Its good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while were away. 得知在我们离开期间这些狗将会受到很好的照顾真是太好了。 I dont think (that) you are right. 我认为你不对。,-8-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,2.动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,需用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们有必要每天喝足够的开水。 3.hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,see to等后接宾语从句时,常在从句前面加it。 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我不喜欢人们吃着东西说话。 4.sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等形容词后也可接宾语从句。 Im sure that they can make it. 我确定他们会成功。,-9-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四 表语从句 1.跟在be或者其他系动词后的从句为表语从句。that引导表语从句时不能省略。 (2014北京)The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal. 对足球明星来说最好的时刻就是他进决胜球的时候。 (2014湖南)As John Lennon once said,life is what/whatever happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 正如约翰列侬曾经说过的,生活就是当你忙于制订其他的计划时,所发生在你身上的事情。 (2014成都第一次诊断)The message of Saving Private Ryan is that humans want peace,not war. 拯救大兵瑞恩传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。,-10-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,2.主句主语为idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应该用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可以省略。 His suggestion is that we(should) change our course. 他建议我们改变航线。 3.主语为名词reason时,表语从句的连接词用that,不用why或者because。 The reason for the accident is that the driver was too careless. 事故的原因是司机太大意。,-11-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,4.because,as if,as though,as等也可引导表语从句。 (2013安徽)From space,the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%的地方被水覆盖着。,-12-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点五 同位语从句 同位语从句是用来解释说明某一名词的内容或者性质的从句。 1.常见的能接同位语从句的名词有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word等。 (2014河北邯郸调研)It was sad news that a music professor in Beijing committed suicide days ago. 几天前,北京的一位音乐教授自杀了,这是个不幸的消息。 (2014山东潍坊联考)People all over the world have a dream that they will always live a peaceful life. 全世界的人民都有一个梦想,即永远过着和平的生活。,-13-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,2.同位语从句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略。 (2014重庆)Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? Yeah,but I have no idea why he did it;thats one of his favorite universities. 昨天迈克拒绝接受来自耶鲁大学的录取通知书是真的吗? 是的,但是我不能理解他为什么这样做;那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。 3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而是被别的成分隔开。 The story goes that William Tell did kill the king. 故事流传说威廉泰尔确实杀了国王。,-14-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,4.doubt后面的从句要根据具体情况选择引导词。 doubt用于肯定句时,其后的宾语从句用whether/if引导,同位语从句用whether引导;用于否定句时,宾语从句和同位语从句都用that引导。 (2014北京海淀期末练习)You can complain,but I doubt whether it will make any difference. 你可以发牢骚,但我对这样做是否有用表示怀疑。 There is no doubt that we will have an exam next week. 毫无疑问下周我们要考试。,-15-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点六 whether与if引导的从句 whether与if 当“是否”讲时,在下列情况下只用whether,不用if: 1.引导主语从句并用在句首时。 (2014成都第二次诊断)Whether you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood. 你与同学相处得是否融洽会影响你的情绪。 2.引导表语从句和同位语从句时。 We should discuss the question whether we can finish it on time carefully. 我们要认真讨论一下我们是否能按时完成任务这个问题。 3.所引导的从句作介词宾语时。 It all depends on whether they will lend us the money. 这都要看他们是否会借给我们钱。,-16-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,4.从句后有“or not”时。 I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Beijing. 我不知道他是否已经到达了北京。 5.后接动词不定式时。 I dont know whether to go to the party. 我不知道是否去参加聚会。,-17-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点七 that,what与which 1.that 引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,也没有任何含义;that 引导的宾语从句一般不作介词的宾语(介词but,except,besides,in除外)。 That he failed the exam made me surprised.(主语从句,that不充当从句成分) 他考试没及格令我很惊讶。 He is a good student except that he is a