怎么考 在语篇语境中考查非谓语动词的基本用法，侧重作定语、状语、补足语的用法。 怎么学 在平时阅读、写作练习中，认真体会其基本用法，尝试运用。 怎么解 1.分析句子结构，确定设空处在句子中充当的成分(如状语、定语等)；2.搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。,.体验考向 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.(2015江苏卷)Much time _(spend)sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 2.(2015湖南卷)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，_(wonder)whether to stay or leave. 3.(2015湖南卷)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students_(talk)over what is bothering them.,4.(2015北京卷)_(catch)the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 5.(2015北京卷)The park was full of people，_(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine. 6.(2015北京卷)If _(accept)for the job，youll be informed soon. 7.(2015浙江卷)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it _(perform)live is quite another. 8.(2015重庆卷)_(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.,答案 1.spent 句意：大部分时间坐在办公桌旁，办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time 与spend之间构成被动关系，另外该题实际考查了非谓语动词的独立主格结构。 2.wondering 句意：当店员看到一张充满善意的脸上挂着满怀歉意的微笑时，她呆呆地站在原地，不知该走还是不走。wondering 是现在分词作伴随状语，修饰动词stood。 3.to talk 句意：有时候我充当同学们的倾诉对象，让他们通过倾诉释放心头的烦心事。for sb to do sth是不定式的复合结构，在句中作定语，修饰a listening ear。,4.To catch 句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起床了。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。 5.enjoying 句意：公园里挤满了人，他们在阳光下玩得很开心。people和enjoy之间是主谓关系，且非谓语动词动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生，故用现在分词的一般式。 6.accepted 句意：如果录用你做这份工作，你将会很快得到通知。句子的主语you和动词accept之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。,7.being performed 句意：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听音乐演奏是另外一回事。hear.doing.听到正在做，此处宾语it与动词perform之间为动宾关系，故要用现在分词的被动形式作宾语补足语。 8.Raised 句意：因为是在Glasgow 最贫穷的地区被抚养大，成为一名足球明星，他走过了一段很长很艰苦的路。分析句子成分可知此处是非谓语动词作状语，he和raise之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。,.语境感悟 用所给词的适当形式完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，体会非谓语动词的用法。 A study _1_ (publish) in September suggests there is a _2_ (surprise) way to get people _3_ (avoid) unhealthy foods：change their memories.Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers _4_ (answer) some questions on their personalities and food experiences.“One week later，”Lotus says，“_5_ (feed) the people，we told them to,type their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.”Some accounts included one key additional detail._6_ (tell) that they had got sick after _7_ (eat) strawberry ice-cream，the researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured(人为促成的) memory through _8_ (lead) questionsWho were you with？How did you feel？By the end of the study，up to 41% of those _9_ (give) a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick，and many said theyd avoid _10_ (eat) it.,答案 1.published 过去分词做后置定语表示被动或完成。 2.surprising 现在分词表示主动或进行，此处表示“令人的”。 3.to avoid 此处get sb to do sth为固定搭配，表示让某人做某事。 4.to answer 此处动词不定式做宾语补足语。,5.Having fed 分词的完成形式做状语，表示动作先于主句的动作。 6.Having been told 分词完成形式的被动结构做状语。 7.eating 介词后用动词的-ing形式做宾语。 8.leading 同第7题解析。 9.given 同第1题解析。 10.eating appreciate，admit，prevent，keep，avoid，risk，resist等只接动名词做宾语。,.正反探究 1.【误】 Having not finished his homework，he didnt want to go to bed. 【正】 Not having finished his homework，he didnt want to go to bed. 解析 非谓语动词的否定式中，not 必须放在非谓语动词的最前面。 2.【误】 She was the first person thinking of the idea. 【正】 She was the first person to think of the idea. 解析 当序数词所修饰的名词带定语时，此定语通常由不定式来充当。,3.【误】 The question being discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 【正】 The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 解析 being discussed 表示动作正在进行，而根据 at tomorrows meeting 可判断动作发生在将来，故用 to be discussed 表示。 4.【误】 This is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 【正】 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 解析 作形式主语，代替动词的-ing 形式，只能用it。,5.【误】 I could see the house having been beautifully decorated. 【正】 I could see the house beautifully decorated. 解析 现在分词的完成式通常不作定语或补足语。 6.【误】 Having found the cause，the experiment continued. 【正】 Having found the cause，they continued the experiment.(Having foundAfter/When they had found) 解析 作状语的分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中的主语一致，现在分词与其逻辑主语有主动关系，而过去分词则与其逻辑主语有被动关系。,.考点确认 一、非谓语动词的各种形式 非谓语动词根据其表示动作的发生时间和表示的意义可以 有不同的形式。,二、非谓语动词的句法功能 1.非谓语动词作主语 作主语的可以是不定式和动名词。,It is a great honor to be invited to speak here. Playing the piano is my hobby. It is no good telling him the news. 注意：it作形式主语代替动名词常出现在It is no use/good doing.，It is useful doing.，It is a waste of time doing.等句式里。,2.非谓语动词作宾语 作宾语的可以是不定式和动名词，但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语。 (1)只跟不定式作宾语的动词 afford，agree，decide，determine，expect，refuse，manage，hope，want，fail，wish，ask，pretend，promise，happen，would like，set out等。 I cant afford to take a holiday this summer because of the project. He determined to return home early.,(2)只跟动名词作宾语的动词 advise，admit，appreciate，avoid，enjoy，delay，cant help，consider(考虑)，miss，finish，practise，imagine，suggest(建议)，escape，resist，risk，mind，feel like，insist on，set about等。 It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped being killed in a traffic accident. Do you feel like going ou