http:/essay.lxws.net 留学生论文专业定制代写网站留学生Essay写作施工过程中职业健康与安全的影响AbstractThe main aim of the research is to study the impact of occupational health and safety in construction industry.It will also aim at identifying the attitude of construction organisations as well as employees towards occupational health and safety in India.To support the research,survey questionnaire and a telephone interview was conducted.It helped it achieving objectives of the research.The construction industry is a very dangerous industry.The performance of the industry in occupational health and safety is very poor.The standard of occupational health and safety is even worse in developing countries.In Indian construction industry OHS has never been given prime importance.Even though in India construction industry is significantly booming,there are no proper initiatives undertaken by the government to implement OHS rules and regulations.There are several initiatives taken by Government of India but they are still in their initial stages and need to be enforced.The employers are concerned about completion of project rather than focussing on improving OHS of their employees.The industry has larger number of small and medium size firms and very few numbers of larger firms.Smaller firms lack resources to comply with proper OHS procedures.The workers are not provided with proper training and information about occupational health and safety hazards.Lack of awareness on OHS,sub-contracting system,use of traditional methods in construction,lack of proper personal protective equipments,low wages and labour-driven industry are some of the important factors that have their impact on occupational health and safety in Indian construction.The construction industry in developing as well as developed countries is one of the most significant industries in relation to the contribution to the GDP(Rantanen et al.,2004).Also it is having a significant impact on the health and safety of the people working in it.According to Haupt as cited in Rowlinson(2004),the construction industry has a poor record in relation to the health and safety of its worker.It is a known fact that workplace accidents are linked basically with unsafe behaviour.There is a positive correlation between safety climate on construction sites and workers safe behaviour.The attitudes of workers on construction sites toward health and safety are widely influenced by their perception towards risk,health and safety rules and procedures;management(Mohamed and Ali,2005).According to Larcher and Sohail(1999),occupational health and safety is a highly important area of concern in developing countries where Acts related to safety rarely exist with weak regulatory authorities that finds it difficult to implement it effectively.Also awareness towards occupational hazards is not at all or rarely perceived.The other factors that affect occupational health and safety in developing countries are lack of statutory regulations and legislations to protect workers in construction sector,standards maintained in corporate and government systems are low,inadequate infrastructure and high labour intensity(Mohamed and Ali,2005).Every year hundreds of accidents take place on construction sites resulting in severe injuries or even deaths.It is matter of concern that the same type of work related deaths,injuries and illnesses occur in the construction industries all over the world.The working life of construction workers is curtailed by several years due to the exposure to occupational health and safety hazards.The process of construction involves many hazardous activities such as working at height,manual handling,exposure to hazardous materials,frame erection,lifting operations,scaffolding,demolition works and groundworks.Falls and manual handlings are the important risks associated with injuries and long term disability in the construction industry(Gillen et al.1997).1.1 Background studyAccording to study conducted by Holmes et al.,(1999),that the occupational health and safety risks are mainly related to the nature of work,low standard of individual work practices,lack of knowledge,work pressure due to cost and time constraints.Rechenthin(2004)stated that,for a construction company to be consistently profitable,all its project must complete on time and within budget.But at the same time due to the nature of the high risk works undertaken by the construction companies results in high accident rates.Eakins(1992)stated that international research confirms that as compared to larger construction firms,smaller firms are poor in the implementation of occupational health and safety programmes.Henceforth,the rate of occupational injury is inversely proportional with the size of the organisation,i.e.smaller firm having higher injury frequency rates(McVitte et al.1997).As per Lingard and Rowlinson(2005),the construction industry consists of several SMEs and small amount of large firm