语法精讲精炼,第十讲 非谓语动词,广州中考高分突破,考点1.动词不定式 1.动词不定式的形式及特点 动词不定式一般由不定式符号“to+动词原形”构成,有的不定式不带to。不定式的否定形式是“not to(do)”。如： He asked me to play chess with him.他让我和他一起下棋。(带to) I saw a boy go across the road just now.我看见有个男孩刚才过了马路。(不带to) The teacher told me not to be late again.老师告诉我不要再迟到。(否定形式),2.动词不定式的用法 动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语,但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。虽然不作谓语,但它可以有自己的宾语或状语。 (1)不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语的情况比较多,但是一般情况下,不定式只作部分动词的宾语。经常接不定式作宾语(即动词+to do sth.结构)的动词有： begin(开始) care(愿意) ask(要求) hope(希望) learn(学会) expect(期望) want(想要) wish(希望),forget(忘记) like(喜欢) decide(决定) try(尝试) continue(继续) prefer(比较喜欢) pretend(假装)等。 如：I hope to see the famous scientist.(to see做hope的宾语) 我希望看见那位著名的科学家。 不定式也可以用来作某些形容词的宾语。常见的这类形容词有：ready(准备好),anxious(急于),able(能够),sure(一定),glad(高兴),sorry(难过),afraid(害怕),pleased(高兴),willing(愿意)等。如：Im glad to meet you.(to meet做glad的宾语)见到你很高兴。,不定式和疑问词连用作宾语。例如： when to do(什么时候做)； how to do(怎样做)； what to do(做什么)； why to do(为什么做)； where to do(在哪儿做)； which to do(做哪一个)等等。如： I dont know what to buy for my mother.(what to buy做know的宾语) 我不知道给妈妈买什么。,(2)不定式用作宾语补足语 不定式用作宾语补足语,也是在一些特定的动词之后。常接“宾语+宾补”(即动词+sb.+to do sth.结构)的动词有：ask(请),force(强迫),allow(允许),expect(期望,盼望),invite(邀请),want(要),tell(告诉),advise(建议),help(帮助),persuade(说服),permit(准许)等。如： Joan asked Mary to speak first.(Mary在句中作宾语,to speak补充说明Mary要做的事) 琼请玛丽先说。,(3)不定式作状语和定语 不定式作状语,修饰动词,用于表示行为的目的、结果或原因等,一般放在动词后面。如： We ran over to welcome the new friends from the USA.(to welcome作目的状语) 我们跑过去欢迎来自美国的新朋友。 不定式作定语,放在它所修饰的名词后面,不定式和它所修饰的名词有“动宾关系”。如： The teacher assigned us two exercises to do at home.(to do作定语修饰exercise) 老师给我们留了两道在家做的练习。,(4)不定式作主语(可用it来作形式主语,将真正主语置后) To learn maths is very important.=It is very important to learn maths.学数学很重要。 3.省to的不定式 使役动词和感官动词,后带宾语,再接不定式作宾补时,主动语态时不定式要省to,被动语态时要补to。常考的有： make sb.do sth.使某人做某事 let sb.do sth.让某人做某事 have sb.do sth.使某人做某事,watch sb.do (doing) sth.注视某人(正在)做某事 notice sb.do (doing) sth.注意某人(正在)做某事 see sb.do (doing) sth.看见某人(正在)做某事 hear sb.do(doing) sth.听见某人(正在)做某事 如：I often see him run on the road.(省略to) 我经常看见他在马路上跑步。 4.不带to的常用句型 Why dont you do sth.?为什么不做某事？ Why not do sth.?为什么不做某事？ Would (Could) you please do sth.？请你做某事，好吗？,考点2.动名词 1.动名词的基本形式和性质 (1)动名词是由“动词原形加ing”构成,形式与动词的现在分词相同。如： No smoking here.这里禁止吸烟。 (2)动名词兼有动词和名词的性质。动词的性质是可以带宾语和状语,组成动名词短语；名词的性质是在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语。如： She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。(作宾语),Traveling abroad can be very exciting. 出国旅行会是很激动人心的。(作主语) The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及时到达那里。(作表语) 2.常见的可接动名词的动词短语有： insist on(坚持) think of(想到) dream of(梦想) object to(反对) hear of(听说) look forward to(期望) feel like(想要) devote.to(致力于),get/be used to(习惯于) be fond of(喜欢) be afraid of(害怕) be tired of(厌烦) succeed in(成功) stop.from(阻止做) keep.from(阻止) prevent.from(阻止做) depend on(依靠) spend.in(在花费) be interested in(对感兴趣) be proud of(以为骄傲/自豪),语法选择(非谓语动词),Three small fish lived in the sea.When they were very young,their parents died.They had _each other day after day.Finally,they grew up and dared_deeper and further. One morning，the three fish were taken to a shallow (浅) water by a big wave (浪).A small boat was taken there,too.It was hard for the fish_back the sea because the boat was fight in front of them.The largest fish,1,2,3,realized that they were in danger and said they had to find a way_there as fast as possible.The second largest fish agreed_back to the sea with his elder brother,but the youngest one did not.He said that there was much water for their activities,so he would not_at all and still swam around happily.At last,the largest fish returned to the sea by_over the lowest part of the boat.The second largest fish also succeeded in_his elder brother in the other side of water.But the youngest one didnt _them and still swam joyfully.,4,5,6,7,8,9,Two hours later,when the sun rose up,the water in the small shallow corner dried up.The fish who did not try_to the sea died of lack (缺乏)of water. ( )1.A.look after B.to look after C.looking after D.to looking after ( )2.A.swim B.to swim C.swimming D.to swimming ( )3.A.go B.going C.went D.to go ( )4.A.leave B.left C.to leave D.leaving,B,B,D,C,10,( )5.A.go B.to go C.going D.to going ( )6.A.worry B.worrying C.to worry D.to worrying ( )7.A.jump B.to jumping C.to jump D.jumping ( )8.A.joining B.to joining C.join D.to join ( )9.A.follow B.following C.to follow D.followed ( )10.A.return B.to returning C.returned D.to return,B,A,D,A,A,D,