佳句是这样炼成的,古人云：“意则期多，字则期少。”写句子时应力求做到以 简练简约的文字，表达丰富深刻的思想。如： I stood in the wind. I felt hopeless and depressed 分析：这个句子本身没任何毛病，将它稍稍改一下，句 意没改变，但简洁多了. 为了使句子简洁，我们通常可以采取以下几种方法,I stood in the wind, hopeless and depressed.,（一）. 合并 用连接词。 在写作时，我们可以用neithernor, not onlybut also, eitheror, bothand, as well as , or ,notuntil等连接词连接几个 简单句。,比较： A.I went to the cinema yesterday. He went to the cinema, too. B. Both he and I went to the cinema yesterday 或I, as well as he, went to the cinema yesterday. 【练一练】用连接词合并下列句子 I dont want this apple. He doesnt want it, either. b. We go to school on weekdays. We go to school at weekends, too.,Neither I nor he wants this apple.,We go to school not only on weekdays but also at weekends.,2.用定语从句 根据句子的具体情况，我们可以用限制性或非限制性定 语从句合并句子。 比较： He told me the news yesterday. I will tell you the news. B. I will tell you the news that he told me yesterday. 【练一练】用定语从句合并下列句子。 c. The girl is singing an English song in the next room is .The girl is Toms sister.,The girl who is singing an English song in the next room is Toms sister,He failed in the examination, which made his father very angry,d. He failed in the examination It made his father very angry,（二）简化 我们可以用下面几种方法来简化句子。 用分词短语 比较： After we had been shown around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. B.Having been shown around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest-for the 2008 Olympic Games. Unless you are invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. B. Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.,【练一练】用分词短语简化下列句子 e. He was busy writing a story. He only stopped once in a while to smoke a cigarette f. The Olympic Games, which was first played in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.,He was busy writing a story, only stopping once in a while to smoke a cigarette,The Olympic Games, first played in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912,2. 用不定式短语 比较: I hope that I will be invited to the party. I hope to be invited to the party. 【练一练】用不定式短语简化下列句子。 The doctor told the child that he should eat less and exercise more. _. I am sorry that I have given you so much trouble _,The doctor told the child to eat less and exercise more.,I am sorry to have given you so much trouble,3.用介词短语（或独立主格） 独立主格结构是指：with +名词+分词，名词+分词， with+名词+介词短语。 比较： The murderer was brought in and his hands were tied behind his back. B. The murderer was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.,【练一练】 If all factors are considered，we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal _. I called early as I hoped that I could catch her before she went to work. _,With all factors considered，we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal,I called early as in the hope of catching her before she went to work.,4. 用形容词或形容词短语。 比较： Crusoe stared at the footprint and was full of fear. Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear. 【练一练】用形容词或形容词短语简化下列句子。 As Mr. Smith was tired of the boring speech, he began to read a novel. _ Well do it again if it is necessary. _,Mr. Smith , tired of the boring speech, began to read a novel.,Well do it again if necessary.,二. 句子结构多样 句式单一、句子长短相等的文章读起来乏味；所以我们 写作时要注意句子的多样性。如： My brother is nine years old. His name is Dongdong. 分析：这两个句子使用的都是简单句，句式单一，无可 读性。我们可以这样写： Dongdong, my brother, is nine years old.或 My brother, Dongdong, is nine years old. 我们可以通过以下几种方法来使句子生动，增加句子的 可读性。 改变句子的开头 1. 用同位语,比较： A. Li Ming is my friend. He will come to see me yesterday. B.Li Ming, my friend, will come to see me tomorrow.,【即时练习】用同位语改变下列句子的开头. Guangzhou is my birthplace. It is far away from Beijing. _. China is the third largest country. It lies in the east of the world _,Guangzhou , my birthplace, is far away from Beijing.,China, the third largest country in the world, lies in the east of the world.,用形容词、副词、分词或不定式开头。 比较： A.As she is young and ambitious, she works hard to be promoted. B.Young and ambitious, she works hard to be promoted A.The students are working hard to pass the exam. B.To pass the exam, the students are working hard. A.He was confused about the problem, so he turned to his teacher. B.Confused about the problem, he turned to his teacher.,【练一练】用形容词、副词、分词或不定式开头。 We were tired and hungry when we finally reached the top of the mountain. _. As I didnt know what to do, I went for fathers help. _,Tired and hungry, we finally reached the top of the mountain.,Not knowing what to do, I went for fathers help.,使用不同的句型 用倒装句 比较： A.He had hardly got into the room when the telephone rang. B.Hardly had he got he got into t