单元质量评估(一)时间：100分钟分数：120分第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项。ACheck out our top 5 weather apps(应用程序)for your smartphones，which will keep you one step ahead of nature.Tornado Warning and Alert AppThis app from the American Red Cross tracks a tornado as it approaches with step-by-step advice about what to do before the storm hits.A siren warning is built into the app and goes off when the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issues a tornado warning in your area.The Weather Channel AppThis app includes weather forecasts from more than 200 meteorologists and lets you check what kind of weather lays ahead，complete with storm prediction maps.The Weather Channel App also alerts users to storm warnings in the area. Lightening FinderIf the goal is to get to the storm，rather than avoid it，this app is here to help.The Lightening Finder colourcodes the age of the lightening bolt，and estimates a safe distance from which to watch it.NOAA Weather Radio HDThis app broadcasts radio reports from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration，and gives you around-the-clock updates on the latest weather warnings，watches，advisories，and forecasts.Push notifications alert you to serious storm warnings in your area even when you are not currently using the application.The app also gives detailed four-day forecasts based on your GPS coordinates，or a chosen location.Dark SkyStay dry with Dark Sky，which offers weather reports，including minute-by-minute rain forecasts for your exact location.To keep its predictions as accurate as possible，this app forecasts only one hour into the future.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，介绍了五种应用程序。1If you want to keep track of daily weather changes，you may choose _ALightening FinderBThe Weather Channel AppCTornado Warning and Alert AppDNOAA Weather Radio HD解析：细节理解题。根据NOAA Weather Radio HD中的“This app broadcasts.and gives you around-the-clock updates on the latest weather warnings”可知，该软件可以提供一天24小时的天气状况，故选D项。答案：D2Which of the following is TRUE about Dark Sky?AIt is especially suitable to predict wet days.BIt provides more services than the others.CIt only offers accurate prediction for your area.DIt keeps you aware of the weather days ahead.解析：细节理解题。根据Dark Sky中的“minute-by-minute rain forecasts for your exact location”可知，A项正确，而C项错误；B项文中没提到；根据最后一句“this app forecasts only one hour into the future”可知，D项也是错误的。答案：A3The main differences of the five apps lie in _Ausers phones Busers locationsCtheir images Dtheir functions解析：综合判断题。从对五种软件的介绍可以明显看出，它们的功能各不相同，故选D项。答案：DBAll those Christmas toys and books may spread more than good cheer.A new study has concluded that two common bacteria that cause colds，ear infections，and sore throats can live for long periods on the surfaces of toys，books，and other child-related items，even after being cleaned.The findings，published in the journal Infection and Immunity and reported by Medical Xpress，show some bacteria continue to exist on surfaces for far longer than has been believed.The researchers said they had drawn a conclusion that additional precautions(预防)may be necessary to prevent infections，especially in settings such as schools，daycare centres，and hospitals.“These findings should make us more cautious about bacteria in the environment since they change our ideas about how these particular bacteria are spread，”said Anders Hakansson，assistant professor of microbiology and immunology in the UB School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences.“This is the first paper to directly study that these bacteria can survive well on various surfaces，including hands，and potentially spread between individuals.”Spneumoniae is widespread in daycare centres and a common cause of hospital infections；Hakansson explained to us that it commonly causes sore throats and skin infections in children and adults.To reach their conclusions，the UB researchers tested the surfaces of toys in a daycare centre.They found four out of five toys tested positive for Spneumoniae and several surfaces，such as beds，tested positive for Spyogenes，even after being cleaned.The testing was done just before the centre opening in the morning so it had been many hours since the last human contact.“Bacterial colonization(细菌定植)doesnt，by itself，cause infection but its a necessary first step if an infection is going to become established in a human host，”he explains.“Children，the elderly and others with compromised immune systems(缺乏抵抗力的免疫系统)are easily infected.”【语篇解读】一项新的研究得出结论：一些常见的如引起感冒、耳部感染和喉咙痛的细菌，可以长时间存在于书籍、玩具或其他与儿童相关物品的表面，即使被清洗后也是如此。4According to Anders Hakansson，we can infer that _Athe findings make us sense the danger of the bacteria on giftsBthe findings change peoples attitude to bacteria infectionCthe existence of bacteria on gifts wasnt formally concernedDthe bacteria will spread through gifts faster than throug