Unit 1Great scientists【导语】霍乱是霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholera)引起的急性肠道传染病，具有发病急、传播快、波及面广的特点，是当今三种国际检疫传染病中的一种。CholeraCholera is a waterborne disease that is spread through polluted water and food.It is an illness caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholera.It produces an enterotoxin(肠毒素)that causes painless，watery diarrhea(腹泻) that can quickly lead to severe dehydration(脱水)and death if treatment is not given.Most people infected with cholera do not become ill，although the bacterium is present in their wastes for 714 days.When cholera does happen，more than 90% of cases are not severe and are difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea.Less than 10% of ill people develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration.A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium.The disease can spread rapidly in areas without proper treatment of drinking water.The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters.Shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera.Therefore，the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another.Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement of the fluid and salt lost through diarrhea.Patients can be treated by being given a mixture of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large amounts.People who develop severe diarrhea in countries where cholera breaks out should seek medical attention at once.In a word，to avoid cholera，we should develop a good habit.We should eat wellcooked food instead of raw food.【词海拾贝】1bacteriumn细菌2coastal adj.临海的；沿海的3fluid n液体adj.液体的4mixture n混合；混杂5seek vt.寻找，探寻；追求【问题思考】True(T) or False(F)：1Drinking much water with sugar and salt is useless in the treatment of cholera.(F)2In order to avoid cholera，wed better eat cooked shellfish.(T).为单词选择正确的释义1suspectA向挑战2challenge B宣布；通告3conclude C责备；谴责4blame D认为；怀疑5announce E结束；推断出6expose F暴露；揭露；使曝光7contribute G小心的；谨慎的8cautious H捐献；贡献答案：1.D2.A3.E4.C5.B6.F7.H8.G.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1_n特征；特性2_vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 (n.)失败3_n治愈；痊愈 (vt.)治愈；治疗4_vt.吸收；吸引；使专心5_vt.预见；预知答案：1.characteristic2.defeat3.cure4.absorb5foresee.根据英语释义写出单词1_：to be present at an event2_： to have an idea that something is bad but without having definite proof3_： to make a connection between two or more things or people4_： to make something dirty5_： the part of sth used to open it；to deal with；to operate or control答案：1.attend2.suspect3.link4.pollute5.handle.选用短语的适当形式填空put forward；link.to.；expose.to；suspect.of；apart from；lead to；draw a conclusion；be to blame；be absorbed in；make sense；be strict with1We had no desire to _ our plan.答案：put forward2We must _ this shameful activity _ the newspaper.答案：exposeto3The students sat in the classroom and _ reading English.答案：were absorbed in4We consider that you _ for the accident.答案：are to blame5They _ from the fact at last.答案：drew a conclusion6People often _ lung cancer _ smoking.答案：linkto7“Youve often made the same mistakes.I will _ you from now on，”the teacher said to Tom.答案：be strict with8_ the cost，the dress doesnt suit me.答案：Apart from9What he has said doesnt _I cant understand it.答案：make sense10The use of information technology could _ major progress for developing nations.答案：lead to.领会句子所用的句型并译成汉语1John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician._答案：约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。2Neither its cause nor its cure was understood._答案：人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。3So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak._答案：每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。4A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had_it_delivered to her house every day._答案：有一位妇女是从宽街搬来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。课文表层理解.判断正(T)误(F)1John Snow knew that cholera was not able to be controlled until its cause was found.(T)2The first theory suggested that people took cholera into their bodies with their meals.(F)3John Snow was once frightened to face the challenge and solve the problem of cholera.(F)4The people who had been given free been and not drunk the water from the pump were not attacked by the disease.(T).根据课文内容回答问题1Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?_