Unit 2 Robots Grammar,动词不定式的被动语态,一、复习各种时态的被动语态 被动语态的基本结构: be+ done （以 the book , publish 为例） 一般现在/过去时： The book _. 一般/过去将来时: The book _. The book _. 现在/过去进行时： The book _. 现在/过去完成时: The book _. 情态动词： The book _.,is/ was published,will/would be published,is/was going to be published,is/was being published,has/had been published,can/could/may/mightbe published,二、动词不定式的被动语态 1. 动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式： 1）一般式 （not/never ）to be done 2）完成式 （not/ never） to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）,2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用 1) 做主语（常用it做形式主语） To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous. 被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。 2) 做表语 The party is to be held next Saturday evening. 明年, 这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。,It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy by .,It is a great honor to be invited to attend the opening ceremony of Asian Games.,The new drug is to be tested out on the 500 overweight people next year.,3) 做宾语 She didnt like to be treated as a child. He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father. 这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。,The clerk wouldnt like to be laughed at by her customers,4) 做宾语补足语 Tony expected the house to be completely transformed. 这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座 电影院。,The disabled child expected the cinema to be designed by the chief architect.,5）做定语 What a victory to be envied by those women! 英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。,The English are proud of the Olympic Games to be held in London.,6）做状语 All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas. 他匆忙赶到订票处（booking office）却被告知 所有的票都卖完了。,He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.,3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。 1) 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成 逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名 词/代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时, He has nothing to eat. 分析： eat 动nothing宾 / he 主eat 谓 I will give you a book to read . 分析： _ 动_宾/ _主_谓 这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。,read,a book,you,read,The elegant lady had something to declare., 比较： I have a lot of letters to type . (我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter) I have a lot of letters to be typed. (意思为： I get sb. to type the letter) 1) Ill go to New York. Have you anything _(take) to your wife there? 2) Have you any clothes _(wash), sir?” asked the maid 3) I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes _(wash),to be taken,to be washed,to wash, 注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时， 不定式则必须用被动式。,3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。 2) 在“主语+表语（形容词）to do” 中， 主语也是 不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是 动宾关系。 This question is easy to answer. （分析：answer (动)-this question （宾） 注意： 如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。 John is difficult to deal with. （分析：_(动)-_(宾)） 如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。 这题目很难算出来。,deal with,John,The armchair is comfortable to sit in,The question is difficult to work out,4. There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被 动式来修饰主语，区别不大。 There is a lot of work to do / to be done. (多用主动形式) 没有什么可担心的。,There is nothing to worry about.,1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains_ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen,Exercise,B,2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only_ that the meeting had been put off. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told,B,3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears_ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told,D,4. Little Tom should love_ to the theater this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,A,5. It is said that plastics can be used to_ many things. Now people are used to_ plastics products. A. make; using B. making; using C. making; use D. make; use,A,6. With a lot of problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,C,7. He_ and was made to repeat it. A. didnt understand B. didnt be understood C. wasnt understand D. wasnt understood,D,8. The pupils here_ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks. A. kept busy doing B. keep on doing C. have kept busy doing D. have been kept busy doing,D,9. Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested,D,10. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served,B,1. It will take several weeks for your computer to _ (repair). 2. I knew him _ (catch) by the police. 3. A vote is required _(take) in our company at once. 4. When some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed _ (steal) it.,be repaired,to have been caught,to be taken,to have stolen,练习,7. I hope _(admit) to Zhongshan University. 8.The book is said to _ (translate) into several languages. 9.I feel greatly honored _ (welcome) into their society . 10.Come on! It is an easy sentence _