Unit3 Grammar and usage,Object complememt 宾语补足语,(1) Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man. (2) Sven found the remains of buildings buried under the sand, together with a lot of treasures. (3) We found the ruins most interesting.,指出下列划线部分在句子中充当的成分,宾语补足语,Step 1 Introduction,主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语,宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的一种成分，常放在宾语之后，和宾语一起构成复合宾语。 宾补的构成：n、adj、adv、介词短语、动词不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词。 该句型的实质是及物动词的一些搭配。,They painted their house white. His father named him Tom. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. 4.Nobody noticed him enter the room.,(名词),(形容词),（不定式）,（不带to的不定式）,即时演练,4. We saw her entering the room. 5.We must get the work finished by 10 oclock. 6. Whenever you may go, you will find him at work. 7. Let the fresh air in.,( 过去分词),（介词短语）,（副词）,(现在分词或其短语),1 不定式做宾补 2 分词做宾补 3 名词做宾补 4 形容词、副词、介词短语做宾补,Step2：Presentation,1、不定式作宾补,The teacher asks us(背诵)the text. Tell him _(shut) the window. 常接带 to 的动词不定式作宾补的动词有： force迫使, get使, help帮助, inspire鼓励, invite邀请 order命令, persuade说服,teach教, tell告诉, want想要, warn警告, would like想要,to recite,to shut,We saw the car (停止). I made him (改变) his mind Let me (介绍) you to Miss Li 常接省略to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词要记牢：,stop,change,introduce,感官动词和部分使役动词:吾看三室两厅一感觉 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三使：let, have, make 五看：observe, see, watch, look at，notice,想一想： The boy was made (work) twelve hours a day. The car was seen (stop). The middle-aged man was seen(enter) the building,to work,to stop,to enter,注意：变为被动语态时，不定式符号to必须保留。,2 分词作宾补：,They walked off and left me （sit) there alone. The murderer was brought in, with his hands (tie) behind his back. With the homework(finish), he was allowed to watch the football match. A group of children were found (play) on the playground. After waking up, I found everyone (go). Dont leave the windows (break) like this all the time.,sitting,tied,finished,playing,gone,broken,1. 现在分词作宾补，宾语在逻辑上是分词表示的动 作的执行者； 2. 过去分词作宾补，宾语在逻辑上是分词表示的动 作的承受者； 3. 省略了 to 的不定式作宾补只是表示一个事实，说 明动作的全过程； 4.带 to 的不定式作宾补往往表示不定式的动作发生 在谓语动词的动作之后。,Compare:分词、不定式作宾补在意义上的区别,试比较： 1. I heard a girl singing upstairs . (表示一个主动、进行的动作) 我听见一个女孩正在楼上唱歌。 2. I heard the song sung . (表示一个被动、完成的动作) 我听见有人唱过这首歌。 3. I heard a girl sing upstairs . (强调唱歌的事实) 我听到一个女孩在楼上唱歌。 4. I ll get someone to repair the recorder for you . (不定式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之后。) 我要叫人帮你修理录音机。,I often hear the girl _ this English song in her room.,I heard the girl _ this English song in her room when I passed by.,I heard this English song _ in her room.,The girl is often heard _ this English song in her room.,This English song was heard _ by the girl in her room.,sing,singing,sung,to sing,sung,This girl was heard _ this English song in her room when I passed by.,singing,3.名词作宾补：,She found him a very clever boy . We made him chairman of our Students Union. 注意： Eg: 我们选Mr.Yang做我们班的班长。,We _Mr.Yang _of our class,独一无二的头衔职位前不加冠词,elected,monitor,总结：名词做宾补，通常放在call, name, elect, make, consider, think，appoint等动词之后，补充说明宾语的身份或特性等：,4、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾补 You should keep your room clean and tidy. Wed better leave the door open. Let the fresh air in To her surprise, she found herself in a different world 注意：形容词、副词、介词短语作宾补，通常放在keep, make, find, leave等动词之后，补充说明宾语的状态或特征等。 名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾补时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（又称表语关系），若无宾补，则句意补完整。,主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语（6123句型） I found it very pleasant to be with your family,Practice,单句改错： My mother asks me speak English as much as possible. I find very easy to do todays homework. Though he had often made his sister working for him, today he was made work for her. My advisor encouraged me taking a summer course to improve my writing skills. （2004 北京）,to,it,-,work,to,-,to take,1 他感到很难同你交谈。(feel）,He felt it very difficult to talk with you.,2 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题(consider),I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.,3 学校订了一条规则，上课时学生要起立(make),The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.,4 我们认为只说不做是无益的。(find）,We find it no good our talking without doing.,5 她的父母认为她不可能说谎。(think),Her parents thought it impossible for her to tell lies.,Thank you!,三重点动词后宾补的用法,make用作使役动词表示 “使；使成为” 时， We made him (队长)of our football team. The heavy rain made it (不可能) for us to go out. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself_(understand).,captain,impossible,understood,1.Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 2. The result of the entrance exams was not made _ to the public until last Thursday. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known,1 The teacher had her _(recite) the text again. 2. He wants to have his eyes _ ( examine ) tomorrow 3. Be careful, or youll have your hands _( hurt ). 4. He had the girl _( stand ) in the classroom the whole morning.,recite,examined,hurt,standing,have 表示“使得”,其后接宾语补足语,have sb do sth 使得某人做某事 have s