初中英语复习课,the Passive Voice,一、什么是被动语态,动作的承受者做主语,am /is /are done was /were done shall /will be done can /may /must /should / be done,一般现在时： 一般过去时： 一般将来时： 带情态动词时：,二、几种常见的被动语态结构,动词的过去式 与过去分词 动词原形，过去式，过去分词。 1.一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed 。 play-played 2.以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加-d。 live-lived 3.以辅音字母 +y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i再加-ed. study- studied 4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字 母，再加 -ed。Stop-stopped plan-planned 5.不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。 go - went buy - bought,不规则动词过去式、过去分词归类表,（1） AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）,cost（花费） cost cost cut（割） cut cut hit（打） hit hit hurt 伤害） hurt hurt let（让） let let put（放） put put read （读） read read spread (传播) spread spread,(2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）,beat（跳动） beat beaten (3) ABA型 become（变成） became become come（来） came come run（跑） ran run,(4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）,dig（挖） dug dug get（得到） got got hang（吊死） hanged hanged hang（悬挂） hung hung hold（抓住） held held sit（坐） sat sat win （赢） won won meet（遇见） met met,(5) ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形） 1,begin（开始） began begun drink（喝） drank drunk ring（铃响） rang rung sing （唱） sang sung swim（游泳） swam swum blow（吹） blew blown draw （画） drew drawn fly（飞） flew flown grow（生长） grew grown know（知道） knew known throw（投掷） threw thrown show（出示） showed shown,1.They make shoes in that factory. 主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoes are made (by them) in that factory. 一般现在时：,变为被动语态,S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词,1. They play football on Sunday. 2. Lucy does the homework in the evening. 3. They dont often use computers in class. 4. Do you make these machines in Beijing?,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers arent often used by them in class.,Are these machines made in Beijing?,2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.,一般过去时：,S+was/were +过去分词,1. They built the tall building last year. 2. He took good care of his little brother yesterday. 3. Did you clean the classroom just now? 4. They didnt use this room for resting.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Was the classroom cleaned by us just now?,This room wasnt used for resting by them.,3.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days.,一般将来时： S+ will+be+过去分词,1. We will have a sports meeting next week. 2. Children wont take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow. 3. Will the headmaster give a talk this afternoon?,A sports meeting will be had by us next week.,Some photos wont be taken by children in the school tomorrow.,Will a talk be given by the headmaster this afternoon?,翻译句子 1 我的房间每天都被清洗 2 我的房间昨天被清洗了 3 我的房间明天将会被清洗 4 我的房间应该被清洗,My room is cleaned every day,My room was cleaned yesterday,My room will be cleaned tomorrow,My room should be cleaned,Exercise : 把下面的句子改成被动语态 1.They often use computers in class. Computers _ by them in class. 2.We cleaned our classroom just now. Our classroom _ by us just now. 3.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon. A talk _ by the headmaster this afternoon.,are often used,was cleaned,will be given,四、Put the following into passive voice： 1.I can finish my homework every day. My homework can be finished by me every day. 2.Did they buy many flowers？ Were many flowers bought by them？ 3.He doesnt often read English. English isn t often read by him. 4.They told us not to go there. We were told not to go there by them.,完成跟踪练习1，2，3，4,1. 在hear，see，watch，notice等“感观”动词的后面和make，let等“使役”动词的后面作宾补的动词不定式都不带to，但这种句子在变为被动语态时，应加上to。（一听，二使，三看） (1).I saw her come into my room. She was seen to come into my room by me. (2).He made me write the letter for him. I was made to write the letter for him.,注意问题,2.若主动语态的动词是双宾语动词（如 ：give ，pass ，show等），变被动语态时，只把其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语保留不动，称作保留宾语。若保留宾语是指人，前面要加上介词“to”。 eg： He showed me his photos. I was shown his photos. OR: His photos were shown to me.,More words give sb sth=give sth. to sb show sb sb sth=show sth. to sb pass sb sb sth=pass sth. to sb send sb sb sth=send sth. to sb bring sb sb sth=bring sth. to sb tell sb sb sth=tell sth. to sb,3.如主动语态的动词是双宾语动词如buy ,make等，变被动语态时，只把其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语保留不动，若保留的宾语是指人，前面要加上介词 for,e.g He bought me a pen. A pen was bought for me.或 I was bought a pen,get sb sb sth=get sth. for sb buy sb sb sth=buy sth. for sb make sb sb sth=make sth. for sb mend sb sb sth=mend sth. for sb cook sb sb sth=cook sth. for sb,4.只有及物动词才能用于被动语态，不及物动词不能用于被动语态。但相当于一个及物动词的动词短语可用于被动语态。但在变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉词组末尾的介词或副词。 eg：The doctor looked over the old woman carefully. The old woman was looked over by the doctor carefully.,Attention! 五、什么情况下没有被动语态,1. 当系动词 feel, look, smell, taste, sound 等后面接形容词时 无被动语态 *The fish _ (taste) good. * Do you like the material? Yes, it _ (feel) very soft. *The pop music _ (sound