十、过渡与衔接写作导练,写作要领,名师指导,即时演练,写作要领,书面表达的评分标准把衔接和连贯作为主要的条件来要求。之所以如此,是因为句与句之间、段与段之间恰当的过渡和衔接是构成语篇的最基本的条件。语句间的连接成分是衡量衔接与连贯很重要的标准之一。构成语篇连接成分的过渡词语,被称为“篇章纽带”,其语篇衔接作用是不言而喻的。 学生要学会正确、恰当地使用这些表示逻辑关系的关联词语,使文章前后连贯、结构紧凑、过渡自然。表示过渡与衔接的常用表达有: 1.表示起始关系的过渡性词语,first of all,above all,according to,up to now,so far,as far as,to begin with,in my opinion等。 迄今为止,诸事顺利。 Everything is in order up to now. Everything is in order so far.,2.表示时间顺序的过渡性词语,first,later,in the end,finally,at last,after that,since then,immediately,suddenly,soon等。 起初我觉得有点紧张。 At first,I felt a little nervous. 努力学习,最终你会成功的。 Work hard,and you will succeed in the end. Work hard,and you will succeed at last. Work hard,and you will succeed finally.,3.表示空间顺序的过渡性词语,on the right/left,on one side of,on the other side of,at the top/foot/end of,in the middle/centre of,in front of,at the back of等。 房子中央有一张书桌。 There is a desk in the middle of the room. There is a desk in the centre of the room.,4.表示并列关系的过渡性词语,and,or,as well as,neither.nor.,not only.but also., either.or.,not.but.等。 他不但给我建议,还给我钱。 He gave me money as well as advice. He gave me advice,and money as well. He gave me not only advice but also money.,5.表示转折关系的过渡性词语,but,yet,however,while,on the contrary等。 他原以为自己理解了那道题,但是他错了。 He thought he understood the problem,but he was mistaken. He thought he understood the problem,however,he was mistaken.,6.表示因果关系的过渡性词语,because,so,as,since,for,thanks to,thus,therefore,as a result of,one reason is that.,another reason is that.等。 由于天在下雨,你最好乘出租车。 As its raining,youd better take a taxi. Because its raining,youd better take a taxi. Its raining so youd better take a taxi.,7.表示条件关系的过渡性词语,if,unless,as/so long as,on condition that等。 如果你不努力工作,你就会被解雇。 You will get fired unless you work hard. If you dont work hard,you will get fired.,8.表示递进关系的过渡性词语,whats more,furthermore,moreover,besides,whats worse,to make matters worse,worse still等。 我不喜欢那件连衣裙,而且它太贵了。 I dont like the dress;besides,its too expensive. I dont like the dress;moreover,its too expensive. I dont like the dress;whats more,its too expensive.,9.表示让步关系的过渡性词语,as,though,even if/though,whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever, no matter who(what,when,where)等。 不管谁违法都要受到惩罚。 No matter who breaks the law,he will be punished. Whoever breaks the law will be punished.,10.表示列举事实的过渡性词语,for example/instance,such as,take.for example,that is to say,as follows等。 许多伟人从贫困中崛起,例如林肯和爱迪生。 Many great men have risen from povertyLincoln and Edison, for example. Many great men have risen from poverty,such as Lincoln and Edison. Many great men have risen from poverty,for instance,Lincoln and Edison.,11.表示总结的过渡性词语,in short,in brief,in a word,on the whole,in general,generally speaking等。 一般而言,语言是用来交际的。 In general,language is for communication. Generally speaking,language is for communication.,名师指导,句、段间要做到衔接合理、条理清楚、通顺连贯。 而要真正掌握这一写作技能,在平时的训练中就要有意识地尝试使用过渡衔接词,最终达到写出衔接自然、语句流畅的佳作的目的。如2016江苏卷范文中In my opinion,internet voting has begun to show its negative impacts on people and society. Firstly,people may feel forced when asked to do things that they dont want to. Secondly,voting of this kind does not depend on the strong points of the competitors,but rather on how many social-networking resources they have. Thirdly,the voters or even the competitors in many cases are possibly taken advantage of by the organizers for commercial purposes. In short,internet voting,to some extent,is unfair,if not immoral,and cannot be trusted. Therefore,rules should be worked out and strictly observed. Everyone in our society should help those in need,but it is more important to be sincere and earnest.,即时演练,从方框内选择适当的词填空 above all, besides, meanwhile, for one thing, for another thing, personally, in a word, recently 1. it has been a great public concern that the students lack self-protection awareness. There is a lack of social experience among students and therefore learning how to protect ourselves is of great significance to us all. 2. security comes first. Without security,we can achieve nothing and cannot live up to parents expectations. 3. protecting ourselves contributes to the healthy development of the students,which is associated with the happiness of every family.4. it also helps to build a more harmonious society.,答案:1.Recently 2.For one thing 3.For another thing 4.Meanwhile 5.Personally,5. in order to protect us students,6. we should strengthen our security awareness.7. when accidents occur,we should calm down and turn to teachers or parents for help. The government also plays a leading role in protecting students. 8. only by the combined efforts of every side involved can we live and study in harmony.,答案:5.Personally 6.above all 7.Besides 8.In a word,